KEGG PATHWAY: xla00260

PATHWAY: xla00260

Entry

xla00260                    Pathway

Name

Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)

Description

Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].

Class

Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism

Pathway map

xla00260

Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism

Module

xla_M00020

Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:xla00260]

xla_M00047

Creatine pathway [PATH:xla00260]

xla_M00338

Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:xla00260]

xla_M00555

Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:xla00260]

xla_M00621

Glycine cleavage system [PATH:xla00260]

xla_M00974

Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:xla00260]

Other DBs

GO:	0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566

Organism

Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) [GN:xla]

Gene

100037219

tha1p.L; probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]

447193

shmt2.L; serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (mitochondrial) L homeolog [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]

380048

shmt1.L; serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (soluble) L homeolog [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]

108709854

shmt2.S; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]

398137

agxt.L; alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]

108718166

agxt.S; serine--pyruvate aminotransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]

398631

glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase-like protein [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]

414606

grhpr.1.L; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase, gene 1 L homeolog [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]

398508

grhpr.2.L; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase, gene 2 L homeolog [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]

108714617

glyctk.L; glycerate kinase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]

446644

pgam1.S; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 S homeolog [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]

379778

pgam2.L; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 L homeolog [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]

432058

pgam1.L; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 L homeolog [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]

447767

pgam2.S; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 S homeolog [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]

444279

bpgm.S; bisphosphoglycerate mutase S homeolog [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]

444102

bpgm.L; bisphosphoglycerate mutase L homeolog [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]

100037051

phgdh.S; phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase S homeolog [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

108701731

phgdh.L; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

494700

psat1.L; phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 L homeolog [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]

108706978

psat1.S; phosphoserine aminotransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]

446328

psph.L; phosphoserine phosphatase L homeolog [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]

108709646

psph.S; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]

380495

gcat.S; glycine C-acetyltransferase S homeolog [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]

108714550

gcat.L; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]

414592

tdh.L; L-threonine dehydrogenase (pseudogene) L homeolog [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]

108718292

tdh.S; L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]

447323

alas2.L; 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]

444480

alas1.S; 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]

398824

alas1.L; uncharacterized protein MGC68700 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]

495283

alas2.S; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]

495197

maoa.L; monoamine oxidase A L homeolog [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]

108708197

amine oxidase [flavin-containing] [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]

108709414

amine oxidase [flavin-containing] [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]

108709415

amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]

446968

maob.L; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]

446874

aoc3.L; amine oxidase, copper containing 2 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]

108702003

membrane primary amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]

108702723

membrane primary amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]

379833

gldc.S; glycine decarboxylase S homeolog [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]

779328

amt.L; aminomethyltransferase L homeolog [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]

108715028

aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]

380588

dld.S; dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase S homeolog [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]

108711180

dld.L; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]

447492

gcsh.L; glycine cleavage system protein H (aminomethyl carrier) L homeolog [KO:K02437]

108714034

glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]

108714035

glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]

735104

dao.L; D-amino-acid oxidase L homeolog [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]

108705425

agxt2.S; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]

108718414

agxt2.L; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]

379386

gatm.L; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]

108712892

gatm.S; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]

380384

gamt.S; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase A [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]

733150

gamt.L; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase B [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]

108704026

chdh.L; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]

447522

aldh7a1.L; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]

108707197

aldh7a1.S; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]

495275

bhmt.L; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]

446949

dmgdh.L; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase L homeolog [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]

735186

pipox.L; pipecolic acid oxidase L homeolog [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]

108698171

sardh.L; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]

108717630

glycine N-methyltransferase isoform X2 [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]

108716567

glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]

446655

cbs.S; cystathionine-beta-synthase S homeolog [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]

380308

cbs.L; cystathionine-beta-synthase L homeolog [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]

494673

cth.L; cystathionine gamma-lyase L homeolog [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]

108715515

cth.S; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]

108703378

L-threonine ammonia-lyase isoform X1 [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]

100036942

sds.L; uncharacterized protein LOC100036942 [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]

398771

sdsl.S; serine dehydratase like S homeolog [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]

100036931

sds.S; serine dehydratase S homeolog [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]

108707966

srr.L; serine racemase [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]

Compound

C00011

CO2

C00014

Ammonia

C00022

Pyruvate

C00037

Glycine

C00048

Glyoxylate

C00049

L-Aspartate

C00065

L-Serine

C00078

L-Tryptophan

C00097

L-Cysteine

C00101

Tetrahydrofolate

C00109

2-Oxobutanoate

C00114

Choline

C00143

5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate

C00168

Hydroxypyruvate

C00188

L-Threonine

C00197

3-Phospho-D-glycerate

C00213

Sarcosine

C00258

D-Glycerate

C00263

L-Homoserine

C00300

Creatine

C00430

5-Aminolevulinate

C00441

L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde

C00546

Methylglyoxal

C00576

Betaine aldehyde

C00581

Guanidinoacetate

C00631

2-Phospho-D-glycerate

C00719

Betaine

C00740

D-Serine

C00986

1,3-Diaminopropane

C01005

O-Phospho-L-serine

C01026

N,N-Dimethylglycine

C01102

O-Phospho-L-homoserine

C01242

[Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine

C01888

Aminoacetone

C02051

Lipoylprotein

C02291

L-Cystathionine

C02737

Phosphatidylserine

C02972

Dihydrolipoylprotein

C03082

4-Phospho-L-aspartate

C03194

(R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol

C03232

3-Phosphonooxypyruvate

C03283

L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate

C03508

L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid

C05519

L-Allothreonine

C06231

Ectoine

C06442

N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate

C16432

5-Hydroxyectoine

C19929

N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate

Reference

Authors

Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).

Title

[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Journal

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)

Reference

PMID:11823218

Authors

Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.

Title

Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.

Journal

Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002

Reference

PMID:10473374

Authors

Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.

Title

Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.

Journal

Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999

Reference

PMID:17636255

Authors

Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.

Title

Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.

Journal

J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200

Reference

PMID:16707670

Authors

Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.

Title

The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.

Journal

J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06

Reference

PMID:15470257

Authors

Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J

Title

FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.

Journal

Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004

Reference

PMID:7639721