KEGG   PATHWAY: zca04727
Entry
zca04727                    Pathway                                
Name
GABAergic synapse - Zalophus californianus (California sea lion)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
zca04727  GABAergic synapse
zca04727

Other DBs
GO: 0051932
Organism
Zalophus californianus (California sea lion) [GN:zca]
Gene
113921736  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14990]
113921538  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
113921829  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
113919575  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
113923008  GAD2; glutamate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
113919900  GAD1; glutamate decarboxylase 1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
113937006  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
113932698  ABAT; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
113925052  GABRA2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
113925760  GABRA4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
113928419  GABRA6; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
113929746  GABRA1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
113930173  GABRA3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
113909624  GABRA5; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
113924868  GABRB1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 [KO:K05181]
113929586  GABRB2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
113910232  GABRB3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
113925907  GABRG1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
113929850  GABRG2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
113910130  GABRG3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
113935440  GABRD; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K05184]
113931538  GABRE; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon [KO:K05185]
113931124  GABRQ; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192]
113928667  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi [KO:K05189]
113931821  PRKACB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113916866  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113937725  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src isoform X2 [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
113939477  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
113932280  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
113935801  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X1 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
113939874  HAP1; huntingtin-associated protein 1 [KO:K04647]
113922050  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
113935325  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
113938234  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like [KO:K08341]
113939367  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
113932696  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like [KO:K08341]
113911708  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
113930898  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like [KO:K08341]
113939305  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase isoform X1 [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
113920317  TRAK2; trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15374]
113920553  PLCL1; inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15375]
113909750  GPHN; gephyrin isoform X1 [KO:K15376] [EC:2.10.1.1 2.7.7.75]
113937555  SLC12A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: solute carrier family 12 member 5 [KO:K23967]
113927286  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 [KO:K05190]
113927287  GABRR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 [KO:K05190]
113918282  GABRR3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 [KO:K05190]
113918149  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
113934203  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849]
113921757  CACNA1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
113916795  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X2 [KO:K04851]
113931031  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
113932406  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
113927471  GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04615]
113935102  GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615]
113930637  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
113917448  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
113911420  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
113935890  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
113939549  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
113933707  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
113910568  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2-like [KO:K04537]
113930871  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2-like [KO:K04537]
113921349  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
113917860  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
113910139  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
113910148  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
113914021  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
113923917  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
113920778  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
113938552  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
113916388  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
113936668  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
113934076  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
113924224  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545]
118356752  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545]
113921542  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545]
113911303  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
113925046  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11-like [KO:K04546]
113908830  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11-like [KO:K04546]
113916979  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
113933485  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04547]
113911302  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
113939476  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
113911474  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113929853  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113937275  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113908984  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113917313  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113922228  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113935770  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113934371  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113932237  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113918449  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
113918206  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
113922589  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
113917953  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05044]
113922587  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05045]
113932044  GLUL; glutamine synthetase isoform X1 [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
113916223  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576]
113930780  SLC38A5; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K14992]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00042  Succinate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
Reference
  Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
  Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
  Journal
Lippincott Williams & Wikins (2002)
DOI:10.1002/hup.431
Reference
PMID:17499109
  Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
  Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:59-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60005-8
Reference
PMID:9364667
  Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
  Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 20:523-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01147-8
Reference
PMID:20655485
  Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
  Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:231-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58010-4
Reference
PMID:21376567
  Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
  Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:339-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.004
Reference
PMID:20655481
  Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
  Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:123-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58006-2
Reference
PMID:17499108
  Authors
Emson PC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:43-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60004-6
Reference
PMID:16932937
  Authors
Kornau HC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 326:517-33 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-006-0264-7
Reference
PMID:18382465
  Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
  Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:331-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2370
Reference
PMID:12086709
  Authors
Kneussel M
  Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 39:74-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00159-5
Reference
PMID:21555068
  Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
  Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
  Journal
Neuron 70:385-409 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.024
Reference
PMID:19374920
  Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
  Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 123:17-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
Reference
PMID:16787421
  Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
  Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
  Journal
J Neurochem 98:641-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
Reference
PMID:15210304
  Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
  Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 45:196-212 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003
Reference
PMID:12888801
  Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
  Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
  Journal
Mol Psychiatry 8:721-37, 715 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001362
Reference
PMID:10780899
  Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
  Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
  Journal
J Med Chem 43:1427-47 (2000)
DOI:10.1021/jm9904349
Related
pathway
zca00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
zca00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
zca04144  Endocytosis
zca04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
KO pathway
ko04727   
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