KEGG   PATHWAY: mmu04970
Entry
mmu04970                    Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion - Mus musculus (house mouse)
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
mmu04970  Salivary secretion
mmu04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Organism
Mus musculus (house mouse) [GN:mmu]
Gene
11554  Adrb1; adrenergic receptor, beta 1 [KO:K04141]
11555  Adrb2; adrenergic receptor, beta 2 [KO:K04142]
11556  Adrb3; adrenergic receptor, beta 3 [KO:K04143]
14683  Gnas; GNAS complex locus [KO:K04632]
432530  Adcy1; adenylate cyclase 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
210044  Adcy2; adenylate cyclase 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
104111  Adcy3; adenylate cyclase 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
104110  Adcy4; adenylate cyclase 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
224129  Adcy5; adenylate cyclase 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
11512  Adcy6; adenylate cyclase 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
11513  Adcy7; adenylate cyclase 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
11514  Adcy8; adenylate cyclase 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
11515  Adcy9; adenylate cyclase 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
18747  Prkaca; protein kinase, cAMP dependent, catalytic, alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
18749  Prkacb; protein kinase, cAMP dependent, catalytic, beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
22318  Vamp2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
11549  Adra1a; adrenergic receptor, alpha 1a [KO:K04135]
11548  Adra1b; adrenergic receptor, alpha 1b [KO:K04136]
11550  Adra1d; adrenergic receptor, alpha 1d [KO:K04137]
12671  Chrm3; cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3, cardiac [KO:K04131]
14682  Gnaq; guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha q polypeptide [KO:K04634]
18795  Plcb1; phospholipase C, beta 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
18797  Plcb3; phospholipase C, beta 3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
18798  Plcb4; phospholipase C, beta 4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
18796  Plcb2; phospholipase C, beta 2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
18750  Prkca; protein kinase C, alpha [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
18751  Prkcb; protein kinase C, beta [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
18752  Prkcg; protein kinase C, gamma [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
16438  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 [KO:K04958]
16439  Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 2 [KO:K04959]
16440  Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3 [KO:K04960]
20192  Ryr3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
12313  Calm1; calmodulin 1 [KO:K02183]
80796  Calm4; calmodulin 4 [KO:K02183]
12315  Calm3; calmodulin 3 [KO:K02183]
12314  Calm2; calmodulin 2 [KO:K02183]
70405  Calml3; calmodulin-like 3 [KO:K02183]
494124  Calm5; calmodulin 5 [KO:K02183]
75600  Calml4; calmodulin-like 4 [KO:K02183]
18125  Nos1; nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
60596  Gucy1a1; guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, alpha 1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
234889  Gucy1a2; guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, alpha 2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
239134  Gucy1b2; guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, beta 2 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
54195  Gucy1b1; guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, beta 1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
19091  Prkg1; protein kinase, cGMP-dependent, type I [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
19092  Prkg2; protein kinase, cGMP-dependent, type II [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
12494  Cd38; CD38 antigen [KO:K01242] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
12182  Bst1; bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 [KO:K18152] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
212989  Best2; bestrophin 2 [KO:K13879]
11830  Aqp5; aquaporin 5 [KO:K09867]
11928  Atp1a1; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 1 polypeptide [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
98660  Atp1a2; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 polypeptide [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
232975  Atp1a3; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 3 polypeptide [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
27222  Atp1a4; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 4 polypeptide [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
67821  Atp1b4; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide [KO:K01540]
11931  Atp1b1; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 1 polypeptide [KO:K01540]
11932  Atp1b2; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 2 polypeptide [KO:K01540]
11933  Atp1b3; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 3 polypeptide [KO:K01540]
11936  Fxyd2; FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 2 [KO:K01538]
67972  Atp2b1; ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
320707  Atp2b3; ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 3 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
381290  Atp2b4; ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 4 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
11941  Atp2b2; ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 2 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
20496  Slc12a2; solute carrier family 12, member 2 [KO:K10951]
16534  Kcnn4; potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 4 [KO:K04945]
16531  Kcnma1; potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1 [KO:K04936]
20535  Slc4a2; solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2 [KO:K13855]
20544  Slc9a1; solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1 [KO:K05742]
64177  Trpv6; transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6 [KO:K04975]
17833  Muc5ac; mucin 5, subtypes A and C, tracheobronchial/gastric [KO:K13908]
74180  Muc5b; mucin 5, subtype B, tracheobronchial [KO:K13908]
11722  Amy1; amylase 1, salivary [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
100043684  Amy2a4; amylase 2a4 [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
109959  Amy2a5; amylase 2a5 [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
100043688  Amy2a2; amylase 2a2 [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
100043686  Amy2a3; amylase 2a3 [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
545562  Amy2b; amylase 2b [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
100043207  Amy2a1; amylase 2a1 [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
381833  Prb1a; proline-rich protein BstNI subfamily 1A [KO:K13911]
12945  Dmbt1; deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 [KO:K13912]
71395  Cdcp3; CUB domain containing protein 3 [KO:K13912]
13010  Cst3; cystatin C [KO:K13899]
17110  Lyz1; lysozyme 1 [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
17105  Lyz2; lysozyme 2 [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
77397  Lyz3; lysozyme 3 [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
76113  Lpo; lactoperoxidase [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
12796  Camp; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
mmu04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mmu04530  Tight junction
mmu04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04970   
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