KEGG   PATHWAY: eee00260
Entry
eee00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Electrophorus electricus (electric eel)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
eee00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
eee00260

Module
eee_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:eee00260]
eee_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:eee00260]
eee_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:eee00260]
eee_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:eee00260]
eee_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:eee00260]
eee_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:eee00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Electrophorus electricus (electric eel) [GN:eee]
Gene
113568904  [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
113568905  [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
113569729  pipox; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
113570471  cth; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
113570710  [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
113570901  [KO:K02437]
113571073  [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
113572147  gnmt; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
113572694  [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
113572937  gldc; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
113573198  gcat; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
113573718  dmgdh; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
113573779  [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
113574379  [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
113574537  gamt; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
113575842  amt; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
113575923  [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
113576259  [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
113576323  sardh; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
113576936  psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
113576941  dao; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
113577297  gatm; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
113577638  [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
113578000  shmt2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
113578052  [KO:K02437]
113578511  [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
113579716  bpgm; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
113580449  chdh; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
113580892  [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
113581077  alas2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
113581350  [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
113582014  alas1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
113582659  grhpr; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
113583765  [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
113584051  dld; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
113584201  [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
113584289  phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
113584570  agxt2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
113584647  psph; phosphoserine phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
113584955  shmt1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
113586468  [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
113586779  [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
113587628  [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
113588260  [KO:K20498] [EC:4.3.1.18]
113589019  aldh7a1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
113590729  [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
113590737  [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
113591193  [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
eee00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
eee00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
eee00230  Purine metabolism
eee00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
eee00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
eee00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
eee00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
eee00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
eee00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
eee00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
eee00620  Pyruvate metabolism
eee00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
eee00640  Propanoate metabolism
eee00860  Porphyrin metabolism
eee00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   

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