KEGG   PATHWAY: gaf00260
Entry
gaf00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
gaf00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
gaf00260

Module
gaf_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:gaf00260]
gaf_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:gaf00260]
gaf_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:gaf00260]
gaf_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:gaf00260]
gaf_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:gaf00260]
gaf_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:gaf00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) [GN:gaf]
Gene
122823371  tha1; threonine aldolase 1 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
122833625  shmt2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
122839960  serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
122822205  shmt1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
122838181  agxta; alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase a [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
122841036  agxtb; alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase b [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
122830202  grhprb; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase b [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
122837636  grhpra; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
122834283  glyctk; glycerate kinase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
122842151  phosphoglycerate mutase 1-like [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
122819535  pgam2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
122829648  pgam1b; phosphoglycerate mutase 1b [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
122835778  bpgm; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
122839658  phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
122827945  psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
122833176  psph; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
122822105  gcat; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
122846424  tdh2; L-threonine dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
122825269  tdh; L-threonine dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
122833452  alas1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
122836121  alas2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
122847269  si:ch211-127i16.2; probable flavin-containing monoamine oxidase A isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
122840321  mao; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
122821259  aoc2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
122828840  gldc; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
122831736  amt; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
122836063  dldh; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
122842022  gcshb; glycine cleavage system protein H (aminomethyl carrier), b [KO:K02437]
122835345  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
122828275  D-amino-acid oxidase-like [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
122819621  agxt2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
122841175  gatm; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
122839102  gamt; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
122830275  choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
122840164  choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
122838667  aldh7a1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
122819377  bhmt; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
122827328  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
122827332  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
122819376  dmgdh; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
122832552  pipox; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
122847257  sardh; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
122845739  gnmt; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
122827278  cystathionine beta-synthase-like [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
122839401  cbsb; cystathionine beta-synthase b isoform X1 [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
122838706  cth; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
122842210  L-threonine ammonia-lyase isoform X1 [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
122845735  sdsl; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
122827865  L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
122840741  zgc:162816; D-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase [KO:K20498] [EC:4.3.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
gaf00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
gaf00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
gaf00230  Purine metabolism
gaf00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
gaf00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
gaf00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
gaf00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
gaf00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
gaf00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
gaf00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
gaf00620  Pyruvate metabolism
gaf00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
gaf00640  Propanoate metabolism
gaf00860  Porphyrin metabolism
gaf00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
LinkDB

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