KEGG   PATHWAY: iti04730
Entry
iti04730                    Pathway                                
Name
Long-term depression - Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (thirteen-lined ground squirrel)
Description
Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and Purkinje cells (PCs) induced by the conjunctive activation of PFs and climbing fiber (CF). Multiple signal transduction pathways have been shown to be involved in this process. Activation of PFs terminating on spines in dendritic branchlets leads to glutamate release and activation of both AMPA and mGluRs. Activation of CFs, which make multiple synaptic contacts on proximal dendrites, also via AMPA receptors, opens voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and causes a generalized influx of calcium. These cellular signals, generated from two different synaptic origins, trigger a cascade of events culminating in a phosphorylation-dependent, long-term reduction in AMPA receptor sensitivity at the PF-PC synapse. This may take place either through receptor internalization and/or through receptor desensitization.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
iti04730  Long-term depression
iti04730

Other DBs
GO: 0048169
Organism
Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (thirteen-lined ground squirrel) [GN:iti]
Gene
101954421  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101954994  Prkcb; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101955221  Grm1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
101955436  Pla2g4b; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101956312  Pla2g4d; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta isoform X2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101957059  Nos1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
101957333  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101957854  Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
101958223  Gnaz; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04535]
101958232  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101958290  Gria1; glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05197]
101958450  Pla2g4a; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101958546  Ppp2cb; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101958679  Gna13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
101959882  Gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
101959985  Hras; GTPase HRas isoform X2 [KO:K02833]
101960571  Araf; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101960744  Igf1r; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101960999  [KO:K04344]
101961077  Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101961253  Crhr1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 isoform X4 [KO:K04578]
101961602  Ryr1; ryanodine receptor 1 [KO:K04961]
101962301  Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
101962775  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X9 [KO:K04958]
101963339  Gucy1a2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
101964114  Kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
101964576  [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
101964638  Prkcg; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101964680  Gna11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
101965303  Ppp1r17; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 17 isoform X2 [KO:K08067]
101965506  Prkg1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
101965772  Grid2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05207]
101966934  Ppp2ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101967027  Ppp2r1b; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X4 [KO:K03456]
101967153  Gna12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
101967288  [KO:K04632]
101967940  Lyn; tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn isoform X1 [KO:K05854] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101968890  Igf1; insulin-like growth factor I isoform X2 [KO:K05459]
101969946  Ppp2r1a; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456]
101970466  Prkca; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101970679  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101971027  [KO:K04632]
101971244  Braf; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X5 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101971364  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101971998  [KO:K04634]
101972153  Pla2g4e; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101972421  Pla2g4f; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta isoform X2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101972878  Gucy1a1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
101973168  Gucy1b1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
101973300  Gnao1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534]
101973859  Pla2g4c; cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101974200  Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
101974776  Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101975335  Gria2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05198]
101975462  Gria3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05199]
101975553  Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04960]
101975906  Nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
101976082  Raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101976248  Crh; corticoliberin [KO:K05256]
101976405  Prkg2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
101978560  Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00219  Arachidonate
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00641  1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:12415297
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
The molecular organization of cerebellar long-term depression.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:896-902 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn962
Reference
PMID:11427694
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
Cerebellar long-term depression: characterization, signal transduction, and functional roles.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 81:1143-95 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1143
Reference
  Authors
Purves D, Augustine GJ (ed).
  Title
Neuroscience
  Journal
Sunderland, Mass.:Sinauer Associates (2004)
Reference
PMID:9735948
  Authors
Daniel H, Levenes C, Crepel F.
  Title
Cellular mechanisms of cerebellar LTD.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 21:401-7 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01304-6
Reference
PMID:9602501
  Authors
Levenes C, Daniel H, Crepel F.
  Title
Long-term depression of synaptic transmission in the cerebellum: cellular and molecular mechanisms revisited.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 55:79-91 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00096-8
Reference
PMID:14509570
  Authors
Metzger F, Kapfhammer JP.
  Title
Protein kinase C: its role in activity-dependent Purkinje cell dendritic development and plasticity.
  Journal
Cerebellum 2:206-14 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/14734220310016150
Related
pathway
iti04020  Calcium signaling pathway
iti04724  Glutamatergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04730   

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