Entry Name GnRH secretion - Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel)
Description Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are key regulators of reproduction. They release GnRH into the portal circulation. In turn, GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH) to regulate gonadal functions. Gonadal steroids provide feedback to regulate GnRH release. GnRH neurons express the kisspeptin receptor, GPR 54, and kisspeptins potently stimulate the release of GnRH by depolarising and inducing sustained action potential firing in GnRH neurons. It is also demonstrated that Kisspeptin-GPR54 system positively regulates the GnRH expression with a time course consistent with activation of Akt and MAP kinase signaling pathways.
Class Organismal Systems; Endocrine systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel) [GN:
cbai ]
Gene 105067298 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
105078179 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
105082997 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
105074761 ITPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958 ]
105062304 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
105077869 HCN1; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 [KO:K04954 ]
105078107 HCN2; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 [KO:K04955 ]
105068240 HCN3; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3 [KO:K04956 ]
105064616 CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
105062388 CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H [KO:K04855 ]
105073200 CACNA1I; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856 ]
105066815 TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964 ]
105066197 TRPC4; short transient receptor potential channel 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04967 ]
105076593 KCNJ11; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 [KO:K05004 ]
105081914 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997 ]
105072485 KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000 ]
105069587 KCNJ9; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 3 [KO:K05002 ]
105071238 KCNJ5; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04999 ]
105084061 GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 [KO:K04615 ]
105067386 GABBR2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615 ]
105082564 KCNN1; small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04942 ]
105082037 small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 [KO:K04943 ]
105068179 KCNN3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3 [KO:K04944 ]
105062484 KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945 ]
105070011 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
105076642 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850 ]
105079596 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
105079415 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
105082679 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
105064416 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649 ]
105065663 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
105063312 PIK3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105071167 PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105066839 PIK3CB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference Authors Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin excitation of GnRH neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Beltramo M, Dardente H, Cayla X, Caraty A
Title Cellular mechanisms and integrative timing of neuroendocrine control of GnRH secretion by kisspeptin.
Journal Reference Authors Oakley AE, Clifton DK, Steiner RA
Title Kisspeptin signaling in the brain.
Journal Reference Authors Pinilla L, Aguilar E, Dieguez C, Millar RP, Tena-Sempere M
Title Kisspeptins and reproduction: physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms.
Journal Reference Authors d'Anglemont de Tassigny X, Colledge WH
Title The role of kisspeptin signaling in reproduction.
Journal Reference Authors Tena-Sempere M
Title Kisspeptin signaling in the brain: recent developments and future challenges.
Journal Reference Authors Colledge WH
Title Kisspeptins and GnRH neuronal signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Roa J, Castellano JM, Navarro VM, Handelsman DJ, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M
Title Kisspeptins and the control of gonadotropin secretion in male and female rodents.
Journal Reference Authors Piet R, de Croft S, Liu X, Herbison AE
Title Electrical properties of kisspeptin neurons and their regulation of GnRH neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang C, Bosch MA, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin activation of TRPC4 channels in female GnRH neurons requires PIP2 depletion and cSrc kinase activation.
Journal Reference Authors Ronnekleiv OK, Bosch MA, Zhang C
Title Regulation of endogenous conductances in GnRH neurons by estrogens.
Journal Reference Authors Ronnekleiv OK, Zhang C, Bosch MA, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Excitability: Molecular Mechanisms Driven by 17beta-Estradiol.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang XB, Spergel DJ
Title Kisspeptin inhibits high-voltage activated Ca2+ channels in GnRH neurons via multiple Ca2+ influx and release pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Novaira HJ, Ng Y, Wolfe A, Radovick S
Title Kisspeptin increases GnRH mRNA expression and secretion in GnRH secreting neuronal cell lines.
Journal Reference Authors Glanowska KM, Moenter SM
Title Differential regulation of GnRH secretion in the preoptic area (POA) and the median eminence (ME) in male mice.
Journal Reference Authors Szereszewski JM, Pampillo M, Ahow MR, Offermanns S, Bhattacharya M, Babwah AV
Title GPR54 regulates ERK1/2 activity and hypothalamic gene expression in a Galpha(q/11) and beta-arrestin-dependent manner.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang C, Bosch MA, Rick EA, Kelly MJ, Ronnekleiv OK
Title 17Beta-estradiol regulation of T-type calcium channels in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Terasaka T, Otsuka F, Tsukamoto N, Nakamura E, Inagaki K, Toma K, Ogura-Ochi K, Glidewell-Kenney C, Lawson MA, Makino H
Title Mutual interaction of kisspeptin, estrogen and bone morphogenetic protein-4 activity in GnRH regulation by GT1-7 cells.
Journal Reference Authors Radovick S, Levine JE, Wolfe A
Title Estrogenic regulation of the GnRH neuron.
Journal Reference Authors Dungan HM, Clifton DK, Steiner RA
Title Minireview: kisspeptin neurons as central processors in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
Journal Reference Authors Kato M, Tanaka N, Usui S, Sakuma Y
Title The SK channel blocker apamin inhibits slow afterhyperpolarization currents in rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurones.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang C, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin inhibits a slow afterhyperpolarization current via protein kinase C and reduces spike frequency adaptation in GnRH neurons.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
