KEGG   PATHWAY: dnm05320
Entry
dnm05320                    Pathway                                
Name
Autoimmune thyroid disease - Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo)
Description
The classification of autoimmune throid disease (AITD) includes Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and its variants, Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis or primary myxedema. HT is characterized by the presence of goitre, thyroid autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) in serum and varying degrees of thyroid dysfunction. During HT, self-reactive CD4+ T lymphocytes (Th) recruit B cells and CD8+ T cells (CTL) into the thyroid. Disease progression leads to the death of thyroid cells and hypothyroidism. Both autoantibodies and thyroid-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been proposed to be responsible for autoimmune thyrocyte depletion. In GD, the TSH-R is the most important autoantigen. Antibodies directed against it mimic the effects of the hormone on thyroid cells, TSH, stimulating autonomous production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and causing hyperthyroidism. The presence of TSH-R-blocking antibodies that bind the TSH receptor in a similar fashion to the antibodies in patients with Grave's disease but that block rather than activate the receptor explains some cases of atrophic hypothyroidism.
Class
Human Diseases; Immune disease
Pathway map
dnm05320  Autoimmune thyroid disease
dnm05320

Organism
Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo) [GN:dnm]
Gene
101447879  interferon alpha-2-like [KO:K05414]
101432987  interferon alpha-3-like [KO:K05414]
101425111  interferon alpha-2-like [KO:K05414]
101418868  interferon alpha-2-like [KO:K05414]
101419317  interferon alpha-2-like [KO:K05414]
101419758  interferon alpha-2-like [KO:K05414]
101415145  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752]
101437028  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
101443412  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
101438478  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]
101440773  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like [KO:K06752]
101433781  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
101435501  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain-like [KO:K06752]
101435917  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
101436345  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
101437751  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
101415573  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
101417015  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
101417743  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
101421271  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752]
101421706  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752]
101415938  CTLA4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K06538]
101411611  TPO; thyroid peroxidase [KO:K00431] [EC:1.11.1.8]
101412369  TG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thyroglobulin [KO:K10809]
101423192  CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 [KO:K05412]
101412832  CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413]
101415501  CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 [KO:K06470]
101413757  IL2; interleukin-2 precursor [KO:K05429]
101428513  class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0102 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101420800  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751]
101415823  patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101418741  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101446223  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751]
101415391  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101439136  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101439564  patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101435448  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-46 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
111758663  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101430252  class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0101 alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751]
101444704  popy Class I histocompatibility antigen, A-1 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101426756  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101438484  patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101411165  popy Class I histocompatibility antigen, A-1 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101427038  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-37 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751]
101412608  patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751]
101447227  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, Cw-14 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101442840  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751]
101411454  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like [KO:K06751]
101413764  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101415824  patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751]
105744147  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751]
101441690  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751]
101444673  patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101428809  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-59 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101412139  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101442557  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like [KO:K06751]
101432742  patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101437850  H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain-like isoform X3 [KO:K06751]
101422560  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751]
101427325  patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101445227  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751]
101421532  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751]
101424781  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101430113  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101435675  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-15 alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751]
101419419  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-73 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101442251  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, Cw-3 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101439095  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751]
101411831  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-38 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101422917  patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101412902  patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751]
101422259  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101412468  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101414493  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-42 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751]
101442691  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101432034  H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101424334  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101415212  saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
101442654  BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-6-like [KO:K06751]
101417353  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
101413233  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
101411103  PRF1; perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
101411550  perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
101422721  granzyme H [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
101419645  granzyme H-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
101426115  mast cell protease 1A-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
101426835  CD40LG; CD40 ligand [KO:K03161]
101440382  CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 [KO:K03160]
101420628  IL4; interleukin-4 [KO:K05430]
101444845  IL5; interleukin-5 [KO:K05428]
101417379  IL10; interleukin-10 precursor [KO:K05443]
101423469  putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 [KO:K06856]
101441265  TSHR; thyrotropin receptor [KO:K04249]
101434262  CGA; glycoprotein hormones alpha chain [KO:K08522]
101443520  TSHB; thyrotropin subunit beta [KO:K05251]
Compound
C01382  Iodine
C01829  Thyroxine
C02465  Triiodothyronine
D00636  Amiodarone hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
Reference
PMID:15049952
  Authors
Fountoulakis S, Tsatsoulis A.
  Title
On the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a unifying hypothesis.
  Journal
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 60:397-409 (2004)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2004.01978.x
Reference
PMID:15762980
  Authors
Chistiakov DA.
  Title
Immunogenetics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
  Journal
J Autoimmune Dis 2:1 (2005)
DOI:10.1186/1740-2557-2-1
Reference
PMID:9534029
  Authors
McIver B, Morris JC.
  Title
The pathogenesis of Graves' disease.
  Journal
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 27:73-89 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70299-1
Reference
PMID:11913070
  Authors
Stassi G, De Maria R.
  Title
Autoimmune thyroid disease: new models of cell death in autoimmunity.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 2:195-204 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nri750
Reference
PMID:12192541
  Authors
Collins J, Gough S.
  Title
Autoimmunity in thyroid disease.
  Journal
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 29 Suppl 2:S417-24 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00259-002-0848-8
Reference
PMID:11396701
  Authors
Ruwhof C, Drexhage HA.
  Title
Iodine and thyroid autoimmune disease in animal models.
  Journal
Thyroid 11:427-36 (2001)
DOI:10.1089/105072501300176381
Reference
PMID:17192582
  Authors
Tsatsoulis A.
  Title
The role of stress in the clinical expression of thyroid autoimmunity.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1088:382-95 (2006)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1366.015
Reference
PMID:15132715
  Authors
Prummel MF, Strieder T, Wiersinga WM.
  Title
The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
  Journal
Eur J Endocrinol 150:605-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1530/eje.0.1500605
Reference
PMID:11577986
  Authors
Kopp P.
  Title
The TSH receptor and its role in thyroid disease.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 58:1301-22 (2001)
DOI:10.1007/PL00000941
Related
pathway
dnm04210  Apoptosis
dnm04514  Cell adhesion molecules
dnm04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
dnm04612  Antigen processing and presentation
dnm04660  T cell receptor signaling pathway
dnm04662  B cell receptor signaling pathway
dnm04918  Thyroid hormone synthesis
KO pathway
ko05320   
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