KEGG   PATHWAY: hhv04727
Entry
hhv04727                    Pathway                                
Name
GABAergic synapse - Hyaena hyaena (striped hyena)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
hhv04727  GABAergic synapse
hhv04727

Other DBs
GO: 0051932
Organism
Hyaena hyaena (striped hyena) [GN:hhv]
Gene
120239022  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14990]
120239014  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
120233449  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
120219931  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
120222594  GAD1; glutamate decarboxylase 1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
120222620  GAD2; glutamate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
120230791  glutamate decarboxylase 1-like [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
120223570  glutamate decarboxylase 2-like [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
120228616  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
120239832  ABAT; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
120220953  GABRA4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 [KO:K05175]
120220955  GABRA2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
120220993  GABRA5; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 [KO:K05175]
120221784  GABRA1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 [KO:K05175]
120221787  GABRA6; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K05175]
120222748  GABRA3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 [KO:K05175]
120237697  GABRB1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 [KO:K05181]
120226150  GABRB3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 [KO:K05181]
120221788  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
120220954  GABRG1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 [KO:K05186]
120220987  GABRG3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
120221786  GABRG2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 [KO:K05186]
120242506  GABRD; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K05184]
120243652  GABRE; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon [KO:K05185]
120222742  GABRQ; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192]
120234074  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi isoform X1 [KO:K05189]
120241649  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120245321  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120228611  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
120234190  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120233260  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120239766  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120248402  HAP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: huntingtin-associated protein 1 [KO:K04647]
120224079  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
120231447  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
120248210  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
120244259  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase isoform X1 [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
120220690  TRAK2; trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 [KO:K15374]
120222078  PLCL1; inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 [KO:K15375]
120237437  GPHN; gephyrin [KO:K15376] [EC:2.10.1.1 2.7.7.75]
120243318  SLC12A5; solute carrier family 12 member 5 [KO:K23967]
120223759  GABRR3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05190]
120231882  GABRR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 [KO:K05190]
120231888  GABRR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05190]
120245276  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
120222772  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
120243774  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
120239388  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
120221013  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853]
120228884  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
120233517  GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615]
120226573  GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04615]
120229291  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
120244506  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
120245414  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
120232146  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
120242569  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
120223690  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04537]
120220432  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
120246690  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
120235024  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
120247989  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
120249175  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
120241831  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
120241642  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
120244574  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
120242329  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
120237008  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
120234397  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
120220331  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
120245305  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
120241598  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
120234413  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 isoform X1 [KO:K04548]
120229112  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
120238897  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
120225093  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
120235801  ADCY3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
120247005  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
120237362  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
120223032  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
120238226  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
120221853  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
120236476  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
120230240  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
120231329  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
120234489  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
120231336  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
120234448  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045]
120243229  GLUL; glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
120229374  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K13576]
120221018  SLC38A5; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K14992]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00042  Succinate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
Reference
  Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
  Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
  Journal
Lippincott Williams & Wikins (2002)
DOI:10.1002/hup.431
Reference
PMID:17499109
  Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
  Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:59-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60005-8
Reference
PMID:9364667
  Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
  Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 20:523-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01147-8
Reference
PMID:20655485
  Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
  Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:231-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58010-4
Reference
PMID:21376567
  Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
  Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:339-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.004
Reference
PMID:20655481
  Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
  Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:123-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58006-2
Reference
PMID:17499108
  Authors
Emson PC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:43-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60004-6
Reference
PMID:16932937
  Authors
Kornau HC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 326:517-33 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-006-0264-7
Reference
PMID:18382465
  Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
  Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:331-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2370
Reference
PMID:12086709
  Authors
Kneussel M
  Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 39:74-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00159-5
Reference
PMID:21555068
  Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
  Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
  Journal
Neuron 70:385-409 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.024
Reference
PMID:19374920
  Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
  Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 123:17-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
Reference
PMID:16787421
  Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
  Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
  Journal
J Neurochem 98:641-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
Reference
PMID:15210304
  Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
  Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 45:196-212 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003
Reference
PMID:12888801
  Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
  Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
  Journal
Mol Psychiatry 8:721-37, 715 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001362
Reference
PMID:10780899
  Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
  Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
  Journal
J Med Chem 43:1427-47 (2000)
DOI:10.1021/jm9904349
Related
pathway
hhv00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
hhv00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
hhv04144  Endocytosis
hhv04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
KO pathway
ko04727   
LinkDB

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