KEGG   PATHWAY: mcal04970
Entry
mcal04970                   Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion - Mus caroli (Ryukyu mouse)
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
mcal04970  Salivary secretion
mcal04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Organism
Mus caroli (Ryukyu mouse) [GN:mcal]
Gene
110285631  Adrb1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
110285060  Adrb2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
110300707  Adrb3; beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
110308282  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
110308334  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
110305998  Adcy1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110307661  Adcy2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110306494  Adcy3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110309267  Adcy4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110311373  Adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110310126  Adcy6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X5 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110299719  Adcy7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110310371  Adcy8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110311555  Adcy9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X2 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
110290795  Prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
110300173  Prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
110305949  Vamp2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K13504]
110309684  Adra1a; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04135]
110305584  Adra1b; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04136]
110290039  Adra1d; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
110308311  Chrm3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
110285306  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
110285320  Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110290514  Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110286326  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110308867  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110304357  Prkca; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
110297826  Prkcb; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
110297763  Prkcg; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
110296867  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
110295833  Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
110312193  Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
110290413  Ryr3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04963]
110286675  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
110308577  Calml3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
110308601  calmodulin-4 [KO:K02183]
110286582  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
110306434  Calm1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
110302040  Calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K02183]
110297869  Calm3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
110294847  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
110312637  Calm2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
110294416  Nos1; nitric oxide synthase, brain isoform X2 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
110301665  Gucy1a2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
110291186  Gucy1a1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
110291191  Gucy1b1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
110309748  guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
110285294  Prkg1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
110294464  Prkg2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
110294426  Cd38; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 [KO:K01242] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
110294333  Bst1; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2 [KO:K18152] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
110300323  Best2; bestrophin-2 [KO:K13879]
110310761  aquaporin-5 [KO:K09867]
110291780  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
110290752  Atp1a1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
110297290  Atp1a3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
110296540  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
110290643  Atp1b1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
110287115  Atp1b4; protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
110301197  Atp1b3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
110304973  Atp1b2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
110302161  Fxyd2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538]
110295976  Atp2b2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110286561  Atp2b3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X3 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110299202  Atp2b4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110302903  Atp2b1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110284787  Slc12a2; solute carrier family 12 member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10951]
110298635  Kcnn4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945]
110309908  Kcnma1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X9 [KO:K04936]
110293883  Slc4a2; anion exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13855]
110292287  Slc9a1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05742]
110296352  Trpv6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 [KO:K04975]
110298092  Muc5b; mucin-5B [KO:K13908]
110298091  Muc5ac; mucin-5AC [KO:K13908]
110291010  pancreatic alpha-amylase-like isoform X1 [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
110291309  pancreatic alpha-amylase isoform X1 [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
110290769  alpha-amylase 1 [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
110298075  Dmbt1; deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein [KO:K13912]
110298270  putative DMBT1-like protein [KO:K13912]
110307257  cystatin-S-like [KO:K13899]
110288151  cystatin-C [KO:K13899]
110303446  lysozyme C-2 [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
110303760  lysozyme C-like [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
110303803  lysozyme C-1 [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
110305984  Lpo; lactoperoxidase [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
110302518  Camp; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
mcal04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mcal04530  Tight junction
mcal04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04970   
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