KEGG   PATHWAY: mcc05144
Entry
mcc05144                    Pathway                                
Name
Malaria - Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey)
Description
Plasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop into the merozoite form.
Sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes is mediated by parasite surface protein like CSP. Subsequent infection into red blood cells (RBCs) by merozoites causes malaria disease via aberrant cytokine production and sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells (pRBCs) to host endothelium. Microvasculature sequestration in the brain brings about cerebral malaria that can results in death or persisting neurological impairment. PfEMP1 has been suggested as the key adhesive molecule of pRBCs.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasitic
Pathway map
mcc05144  Malaria
mcc05144

Organism
Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) [GN:mcc]
Gene
701544  SDC1; syndecan-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06257]
703841  SDC2; syndecan-2 precursor [KO:K16336]
710965  LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 [KO:K04550]
704961  CD81; CD81 antigen [KO:K06508]
708316  HGF; hepatocyte growth factor isoform X3 [KO:K05460]
704562  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor precursor [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
719284  ACKR1; atypical chemokine receptor 1 [KO:K06574]
574101  GYPA; glycophorin-A isoform X1 [KO:K06575]
712092  GYPC; glycophorin-C isoform X3 [KO:K06576]
693930  HBA; hemoglobin subunit alpha [KO:K13822]
701930  HBA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hemoglobin subunit alpha [KO:K13822]
715559  HBB; hemoglobin subunit beta [KO:K13823]
574395  TLR9; toll-like receptor 9 precursor [KO:K10161]
696494  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
574290  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 precursor [KO:K10159]
574360  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 precursor [KO:K10160]
694931  IL10; interleukin-10 precursor [KO:K05443]
106992315  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X2 [KO:K13375]
707540  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 precursor [KO:K13376]
703239  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 precursor [KO:K13377]
613028  CXCL8; interleukin-8 precursor [KO:K10030]
705819  IL6; interleukin-6 precursor [KO:K05405]
574138  CCL2; C-C motif chemokine 2 precursor [KO:K14624]
698961  CSF3; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05423]
704701  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta precursor [KO:K04519]
715467  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
703205  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
574151  IL18; interleukin-18 [KO:K05482]
100430783  KLRB1; killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06543]
574240  NKG2D; NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein [KO:K06728]
710149  uncharacterized protein LOC710149 [KO:K10784]
698785  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC698785 [KO:K10785]
696306  T cell receptor beta variable 3-1 [KO:K10785]
697904  uncharacterized protein LOC697904 [KO:K10785]
703029  immunoglobulin lambda-1 light chain-like [KO:K10785]
574282  IFNG; interferon gamma precursor [KO:K04687]
574296  CD36; platelet glycoprotein 4 [KO:K06259]
718120  CR1; complement receptor type 1 [KO:K04011]
718302  PECAM1; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule isoform X1 [KO:K06471]
712036  VCAM1; vascular cell adhesion protein 1 [KO:K06527]
705413  THBS1; thrombospondin-1 [KO:K16857]
574276  THBS4; thrombospondin-4 [KO:K04659]
720286  COMP; cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [KO:K04659]
708165  THBS2; thrombospondin-2 [KO:K04659]
717572  THBS3; thrombospondin-3 precursor [KO:K04659]
701538  SELE; E-selectin [KO:K06494]
711945  ITGAL; integrin alpha-L isoform X2 [KO:K05718]
710577  ITGB2; integrin beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06464]
712280  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 precursor [KO:K06490]
574160  CD40LG; CD40 ligand [KO:K03161]
707749  CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 precursor [KO:K03160]
701277  SELP; P-selectin [KO:K06496]
Compound
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00634  Chondroitin 4-sulfate
G00052  Type II B antigen
G00054  Type II A antigen
G10505  Hyaluronic acid
Reference
PMID:19101208
  Authors
Morahan BJ, Wang L, Coppel RL
  Title
No TRAP, no invasion.
  Journal
Trends Parasitol 25:77-84 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2008.11.004
Reference
PMID:8920859
  Authors
Shakibaei M, Frevert U
  Title
Dual interaction of the malaria circumsporozoite protein with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
  Journal
J Exp Med 184:1699-711 (1996)
DOI:10.1084/jem.184.5.1699
Reference
PMID:15106591
  Authors
Silvie O, Franetich JF, Renia L, Mazier D
  Title
Malaria sporozoite: migrating for a living.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:97-100; discussion 100-1 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.01.004
Reference
PMID:15464448
  Authors
Mota MM, Giordano S, Rodriguez A
  Title
Targeting Plasmodium host cells: survival within hepatocytes.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:487-92 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.08.003
Reference
PMID:12364790
  Authors
Cowman AF, Crabb BS
  Title
The Plasmodium falciparum genome--a blueprint for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Science 298:126-8 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1078169
Reference
PMID:16019257
  Authors
O'Donnell RA, Blackman MJ
  Title
The role of malaria merozoite proteases in red blood cell invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Microbiol 8:422-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.018
Reference
PMID:17630968
  Authors
Iyer J, Gruner AC, Renia L, Snounou G, Preiser PR
  Title
Invasion of host cells by malaria parasites: a tale of two protein families.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 65:231-49 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05791.x
Reference
PMID:11224682
  Authors
Chitnis CE
  Title
Molecular insights into receptors used by malaria parasites for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Hematol 8:85-91 (2001)
DOI:10.1097/00062752-200103000-00005
Reference
PMID:15094163
  Authors
Rasti N, Wahlgren M, Chen Q
  Title
Molecular aspects of malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 41:9-26 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.femsim.2004.01.010
Reference
PMID:15463497
  Authors
Clark IA, Rockett KA, Cowden WB
  Title
Proposed link between cytokines, nitric oxide and human cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Parasitol Today 7:205-7 (1991)
DOI:10.1016/0169-4758(91)90142-B
Reference
PMID:18250459
  Authors
Hisaeda H, Tetsutani K, Imai T, Moriya C, Tu L, Hamano S, Duan X, Chou B, Ishida H, Aramaki A, Shen J, Ishii KJ, Coban C, Akira S, Takeda K, Yasutomo K, Torii M, Himeno K
  Title
Malaria parasites require TLR9 signaling for immune evasion by activating regulatory T cells.
  Journal
J Immunol 180:2496-503 (2008)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2496
Reference
PMID:10885986
  Authors
Chen Q, Schlichtherle M, Wahlgren M
  Title
Molecular aspects of severe malaria.
  Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 13:439-50 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/CMR.13.3.439-450.2000
Reference
PMID:11832955
  Authors
Miller LH, Baruch DI, Marsh K, Doumbo OK
  Title
The pathogenic basis of malaria.
  Journal
Nature 415:673-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415673a
Reference
PMID:19967139
  Authors
Faille D, El-Assaad F, Alessi MC, Fusai T, Combes V, Grau GE
  Title
Platelet-endothelial cell interactions in cerebral malaria: the end of a cordial understanding.
  Journal
Thromb Haemost 102:1093-102 (2009)
DOI:10.1160/TH09-05-0337
Reference
PMID:16138104
  Authors
Schofield L, Grau GE
  Title
Immunological processes in malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:722-35 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1686
Reference
PMID:14737184
  Authors
Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
Cell-passage activity is required for the malarial parasite to cross the liver sinusoidal cell layer.
  Journal
PLoS Biol 2:E4 (2004)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020004
Reference
PMID:16468982
  Authors
Kariu T, Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
CelTOS, a novel malarial protein that mediates transmission to mosquito and vertebrate hosts.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 59:1369-79 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.05024.x
Reference
PMID:20091081
  Authors
Cox D, McConkey S
  Title
The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 67:557-68 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-009-0211-3
Related
pathway
mcc04210  Apoptosis
mcc04514  Cell adhesion molecules
mcc04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
mcc04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05144   
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