KEGG   PATHWAY: mcf05143
Entry
mcf05143                    Pathway                                
Name
African trypanosomiasis - Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)
Description
Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and cause neurological damage by inducing cytokines like TNF alpha, IFN gamma, and IL1. These cytokines and other metabolites such as nitric oxide and somnogenic prostaglandin D2 disturb circadian rhythms in patients with African trypanosomiasis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasitic
Pathway map
mcf05143  African trypanosomiasis
mcf05143

Organism
Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) [GN:mcf]
Gene
102124047  uncharacterized protein LOC102124047 [KO:K06856]
102122532  immunoglobulin heavy variable 4-4 [KO:K06856]
107130290  uncharacterized protein LOC107130290 [KO:K06856]
123574606  uncharacterized protein LOC123574606 [KO:K06856]
101866832  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729]
102117812  THOP1; thimet oligopeptidase [KO:K01392] [EC:3.4.24.15]
102124671  KNG1; kininogen-1 [KO:K03898]
102116318  NPPA; natriuretic peptides A isoform X1 [KO:K12334]
101925978  APOA1; apolipoprotein A-I [KO:K08757]
102119052  APOL1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: apolipoprotein L1 [KO:K23585]
102131382  haptoglobin [KO:K14477]
102131765  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: haptoglobin-like [KO:K14477]
102136846  hemoglobin subunit alpha-1/2/3 [KO:K13822]
102136192  hemoglobin subunit alpha-1/2/3 [KO:K13822]
101926697  hemoglobin subunit beta [KO:K13823]
102133450  IL10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]
102115316  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
102124858  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]
102135101  IL18; interleukin-18 isoform X1 [KO:K05482]
102128291  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
102139631  TNF; tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
102119749  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
102138971  IL6; interleukin-6 precursor [KO:K05405]
102139406  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
102131307  VCAM1; vascular cell adhesion protein 1 [KO:K06527]
102143564  SELE; E-selectin [KO:K06494]
102138837  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]
102132640  LAMA4; laminin subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K06241]
102126825  IDO1; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 [KO:K00463] [EC:1.13.11.52]
102129002  IDO2; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00463] [EC:1.13.11.52]
102137513  F2RL1; proteinase-activated receptor 2 [KO:K04234]
102130397  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
101925220  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102140615  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102136896  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102123165  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102135875  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X4 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102116992  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101865773  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00328  L-Kynurenine
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00584  Prostaglandin E2
C00696  Prostaglandin D2
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:19168735
  Authors
Antoine-Moussiaux N, Buscher P, Desmecht D
  Title
Host-parasite interactions in trypanosomiasis: on the way to an antidisease strategy.
  Journal
Infect Immun 77:1276-84 (2009)
DOI:10.1128/IAI.01185-08
Reference
PMID:12088284
  Authors
Enanga B, Burchmore RJ, Stewart ML, Barrett MP
  Title
Sleeping sickness and the brain.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 59:845-58 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-002-8472-0
Reference
PMID:16600243
  Authors
Bisser S, Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer ON, Toure FS, Taoufiq Z, Bouteille B, Buguet A, Mazier D
  Title
Harbouring in the brain: A focus on immune evasion mechanisms and their deleterious effects in malaria and human African trypanosomiasis.
  Journal
Int J Parasitol 36:529-40 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.02.001
Reference
PMID:17582444
  Authors
Masocha W, Rottenberg ME, Kristensson K
  Title
Migration of African trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
Physiol Behav 92:110-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.045
Reference
PMID:11850009
  Authors
Lonsdale-Eccles JD, Grab DJ
  Title
Trypanosome hydrolases and the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
Trends Parasitol 18:17-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02120-1
Reference
PMID:19016378
  Authors
Grab DJ, Kennedy PG
  Title
Traversal of human and animal trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
J Neurovirol 14:344-51 (2008)
DOI:10.1080/13550280802282934
Reference
PMID:19995590
  Authors
Kristensson K, Nygard M, Bertini G, Bentivoglio M
  Title
African trypanosome infections of the nervous system: parasite entry and effects on sleep and synaptic functions.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 91:152-71 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.12.001
Reference
PMID:19559585
  Authors
Pays E, Vanhollebeke B
  Title
Human innate immunity against African trypanosomes.
  Journal
Curr Opin Immunol 21:493-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.024
Reference
PMID:9574925
  Authors
Donelson JE, Hill KL, El-Sayed NM
  Title
Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion by African trypanosomes.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 91:51-66 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(97)00209-0
Reference
PMID:19621073
  Authors
Grab DJ, Garcia-Garcia JC, Nikolskaia OV, Kim YV, Brown A, Pardo CA, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Wilson BA, de A Lima AP, Scharfstein J, Dumler JS
  Title
Protease activated receptor signaling is required for African trypanosome traversal of human brain microvascular endothelial cells.
  Journal
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e479 (2009)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000479
Reference
PMID:20398209
  Authors
Vanhollebeke B, Pays E
  Title
The trypanolytic factor of human serum: many ways to enter the parasite, a single way to kill.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 76:806-14 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07156.x
Related
pathway
mcf00380  Tryptophan metabolism
mcf04210  Apoptosis
mcf04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
mcf04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
mcf04710  Circadian rhythm
KO pathway
ko05143   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system