KEGG   PATHWAY: npo04727
Entry
npo04727                    Pathway                                
Name
GABAergic synapse - Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
npo04727  GABAergic synapse
npo04727

Other DBs
GO: 0051932
Organism
Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog) [GN:npo]
Gene
129505579  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 1 [KO:K14990]
129505582  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
129522673  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
129511495  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
129495458  glutamate decarboxylase 1-like [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
129498677  GAD1; glutamate decarboxylase 1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
129513324  GAD2; glutamate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
129514495  glutamate decarboxylase 1-like [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
129497302  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
129520173  ABAT; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
129509634  GABRA1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 [KO:K05175]
129509772  GABRA6; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K05175]
129510385  GABRA5; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 [KO:K05175]
129518493  GABRA3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
129518942  GABRA4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
129519943  GABRA2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
129509631  GABRB2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 [KO:K05181]
129510508  GABRB3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
129520639  GABRB1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
129509332  GABRG2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
129510567  GABRG3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 [KO:K05186]
129519006  GABRG1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 [KO:K05186]
129497728  GABRD; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta [KO:K05184]
129518490  GABRE; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon [KO:K05185]
129518135  GABRQ; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192]
129509744  GABRP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi isoform X1 [KO:K05189]
129519960  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129521768  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129494438  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
129494612  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129519978  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129500385  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129517653  HAP1; huntingtin-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04647]
129497304  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
129497310  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
129517128  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
129508279  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
129523004  TRAK2; trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15374]
129523042  PLCL1; inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15375]
129495883  GPHN; gephyrin isoform X1 [KO:K15376] [EC:2.10.1.1 2.7.7.75]
129495143  SLC12A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: solute carrier family 12 member 5 [KO:K23967]
129503736  GABRR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 [KO:K05190]
129512346  GABRR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 [KO:K05190]
129512927  GABRR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 [KO:K05190]
129522364  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
129515558  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
129503382  CACNA1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
129521343  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]
129517804  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
129505985  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
129494520  GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615]
129494269  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
129519569  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
129522106  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
129513852  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
129497735  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
129520313  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
129503454  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
129498348  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
129506463  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
129496421  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
129501173  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
129499161  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04541]
129520219  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
129520847  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
129522362  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
129499702  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
129494664  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
129498223  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
129519244  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
129521436  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
129519415  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
129498294  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
129512848  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
129515724  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 1-like [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129516202  adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129498939  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129510932  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129499511  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129503910  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129517234  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129513386  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129502672  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129519450  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129501980  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05000]
129522454  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
129503480  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
129522455  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
129503446  sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045]
129505937  GLUL; glutamine synthetase isoform X1 [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
129509969  glutamine synthetase-like [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
129518458  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamine synthetase-like [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
129521845  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K13576]
129517466  SLC38A5; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K14992]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00042  Succinate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
Reference
  Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
  Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
  Journal
Lippincott Williams & Wikins (2002)
DOI:10.1002/hup.431
Reference
PMID:17499109
  Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
  Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:59-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60005-8
Reference
PMID:9364667
  Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
  Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 20:523-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01147-8
Reference
PMID:20655485
  Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
  Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:231-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58010-4
Reference
PMID:21376567
  Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
  Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:339-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.004
Reference
PMID:20655481
  Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
  Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:123-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58006-2
Reference
PMID:17499108
  Authors
Emson PC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:43-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60004-6
Reference
PMID:16932937
  Authors
Kornau HC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 326:517-33 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-006-0264-7
Reference
PMID:18382465
  Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
  Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:331-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2370
Reference
PMID:12086709
  Authors
Kneussel M
  Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 39:74-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00159-5
Reference
PMID:21555068
  Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
  Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
  Journal
Neuron 70:385-409 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.024
Reference
PMID:19374920
  Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
  Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 123:17-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
Reference
PMID:16787421
  Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
  Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
  Journal
J Neurochem 98:641-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
Reference
PMID:15210304
  Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
  Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 45:196-212 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003
Reference
PMID:12888801
  Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
  Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
  Journal
Mol Psychiatry 8:721-37, 715 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001362
Reference
PMID:10780899
  Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
  Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
  Journal
J Med Chem 43:1427-47 (2000)
DOI:10.1021/jm9904349
Related
pathway
npo00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
npo00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
npo04144  Endocytosis
npo04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
KO pathway
ko04727   
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