KEGG   PATHWAY: npo04730
Entry
npo04730                    Pathway                                
Name
Long-term depression - Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog)
Description
Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and Purkinje cells (PCs) induced by the conjunctive activation of PFs and climbing fiber (CF). Multiple signal transduction pathways have been shown to be involved in this process. Activation of PFs terminating on spines in dendritic branchlets leads to glutamate release and activation of both AMPA and mGluRs. Activation of CFs, which make multiple synaptic contacts on proximal dendrites, also via AMPA receptors, opens voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and causes a generalized influx of calcium. These cellular signals, generated from two different synaptic origins, trigger a cascade of events culminating in a phosphorylation-dependent, long-term reduction in AMPA receptor sensitivity at the PF-PC synapse. This may take place either through receptor internalization and/or through receptor desensitization.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
npo04730  Long-term depression
npo04730

Other DBs
GO: 0048169
Organism
Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog) [GN:npo]
Gene
129508386  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
129497364  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
129517001  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
129516578  guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
129516745  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
129507909  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
129501897  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
129502926  PPP1R17; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 17 [KO:K08067]
129496920  PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform [KO:K03456]
129500198  PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456]
129495162  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
129515674  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
129494224  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
129505561  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
129501466  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
129518309  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129515848  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129522592  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129506345  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
129522322  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
129502349  mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129507918  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129519082  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129501931  GRID2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2 [KO:K05207]
129500488  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
129494269  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
129519569  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
129522106  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
129513852  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
129507887  GNAZ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha [KO:K04535]
129497792  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
129497848  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
129512833  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
129519699  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
129510400  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
129504094  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
129504214  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
129504267  PLA2G4D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
129504273  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
129506021  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
129494612  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129519978  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129500385  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129500644  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
129522061  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
129496894  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129504276  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129497646  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129500550  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129509702  GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05197]
129516741  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05198]
129518361  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05199]
129505366  LYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn isoform X1 [KO:K05854] [EC:2.7.10.2]
129522364  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
129521608  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
129505465  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
129512495  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
129499919  RYR1; ryanodine receptor 1 [KO:K04961]
129505285  CRH; corticoliberin [KO:K05256]
129493694  CRHR1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04578]
129516962  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I isoform X1 [KO:K05459]
129510268  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00219  Arachidonate
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00641  1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:12415297
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
The molecular organization of cerebellar long-term depression.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:896-902 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn962
Reference
PMID:11427694
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
Cerebellar long-term depression: characterization, signal transduction, and functional roles.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 81:1143-95 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1143
Reference
  Authors
Purves D, Augustine GJ (ed).
  Title
Neuroscience
  Journal
Sunderland, Mass.:Sinauer Associates (2004)
Reference
PMID:9735948
  Authors
Daniel H, Levenes C, Crepel F.
  Title
Cellular mechanisms of cerebellar LTD.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 21:401-7 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01304-6
Reference
PMID:9602501
  Authors
Levenes C, Daniel H, Crepel F.
  Title
Long-term depression of synaptic transmission in the cerebellum: cellular and molecular mechanisms revisited.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 55:79-91 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00096-8
Reference
PMID:14509570
  Authors
Metzger F, Kapfhammer JP.
  Title
Protein kinase C: its role in activity-dependent Purkinje cell dendritic development and plasticity.
  Journal
Cerebellum 2:206-14 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/14734220310016150
Related
pathway
npo04020  Calcium signaling pathway
npo04724  Glutamatergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04730   
LinkDB

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