KEGG PATHWAY: pcw04672

KEGG

PATHWAY: pcw04672

Entry

pcw04672                    Pathway

Name

Intestinal immune network for IgA production - Phascolarctos cinereus (koala)

Description

The intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies that serve as the first line of defense against microorganisms. The basic map of IgA production includes induction of mucosal B cells in the Peyer's patches, circulation through the bloodstream and homing to intestinal mucosa of IgA-commited plasma cells, and local antibody production for export across the intestinal membranes. Multiple cytokines, including TGF-{beta}, IL-10, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, are required to promote IgA class switching and terminal differentiation process of the B cells. Secreted IgA promotes immune exclusion by entrapping dietary antigens and microorganisms in the mucus and functions for neutralization of toxins and pathogenic microbes.

Class

Organismal Systems; Immune system

Pathway map

Intestinal immune network for IgA production

Other DBs

GO:

Organism

Phascolarctos cinereus (koala) [GN:pcw]

Gene

CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 isoform X1 [KO:K05412]

CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 [KO:K05413]

DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, E-S beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

rano class II histocompatibility antigen, A beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like [KO:K06752]

H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, A-R alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]

mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]

rano class II histocompatibility antigen, A beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 [KO:K06470]

interleukin-2-like [KO:K05429]

IL4; interleukin-4 [KO:K05430]

IL5; interleukin-5 [KO:K05428]

IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]

IL10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]

TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 [KO:K13375]

uncharacterized protein LOC110194237 [KO:K05475]

TNFSF13B; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B [KO:K05476]

TNFRSF13B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B isoform X1 [KO:K05150]

TNFRSF17; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 [KO:K05153]

TNFRSF13C; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C [KO:K05151]

immunoglobulin alpha-2 heavy chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06856]

Ig heavy chain Mem5-like [KO:K06856]

AICDA; single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase isoform X1 [KO:K10989] [EC:3.5.4.38]

CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160]

CD40LG; CD40 ligand [KO:K03161]

ICOS; inducible T-cell costimulator [KO:K06713]

ICOS ligand-like isoform X1 [KO:K06710]

CCR9; C-C chemokine receptor type 9 [KO:K04184]

ITGA4; integrin alpha-4 [KO:K06483]

ITGB7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: integrin beta-7 [KO:K06590]

CXCL12; stromal cell-derived factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10031]

CXCR4; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 [KO:K04189]

CCL28; C-C motif chemokine 28 [KO:K05513]

CCR10; C-C chemokine receptor type 10 [KO:K04185]

CCL25; C-C motif chemokine 25 [KO:K13072]

MADCAM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06779]

LTBR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3 [KO:K03159]

MAP3K14; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]

IL15; interleukin-15 isoform X1 [KO:K05433]

IL15RA; interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05074]

PIGR; polymeric immunoglobulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K13073]

Compound

Retinoate

9-cis-Retinoic acid

Reference

Authors

Fagarasan S, Honjo T

Title

Intestinal IgA synthesis: regulation of front-line body defences.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 3:63-72 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri982

Reference

Authors

Macpherson AJ, McCoy KD, Johansen FE, Brandtzaeg P

Title

The immune geography of IgA induction and function.

Journal

Mucosal Immunol 1:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/mi.2007.6

Reference

Authors

Kunisawa J, Kiyono H

Title

A marvel of mucosal T cells and secretory antibodies for the creation of first lines of defense.

Journal

Cell Mol Life Sci 62:1308-21 (2005)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-005-5035-1

Reference

Authors

Cerutti A, Rescigno M

Title

The biology of intestinal immunoglobulin A responses.

Journal

Immunity 28:740-50 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.05.001

Reference

Authors

Tsuji M, Suzuki K, Kinoshita K, Fagarasan S

Title

Dynamic interactions between bacteria and immune cells leading to intestinal IgA synthesis.

Journal

Semin Immunol 20:59-66 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2007.12.003

Reference

Authors

Corthesy B

Title

Roundtrip ticket for secretory IgA: role in mucosal homeostasis?

Journal

J Immunol 178:27-32 (2007)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.178.1.27

Reference

Authors

Suzuki K, Fagarasan S

Title

How host-bacterial interactions lead to IgA synthesis in the gut.

Journal

Trends Immunol 29:523-31 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2008.08.001

Reference

Authors

Mora JR, von Andrian UH

Title

Differentiation and homing of IgA-secreting cells.

Journal

Mucosal Immunol 1:96-109 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/mi.2007.14

Reference

Authors

Suzuki K, Ha SA, Tsuji M, Fagarasan S

Title

Intestinal IgA synthesis: a primitive form of adaptive immunity that regulates microbial communities in the gut.

Journal

Semin Immunol 19:127-35 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2006.10.001

Reference

Authors

Cerutti A

Title

The regulation of IgA class switching.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 8:421-34 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nri2322

Related
pathway

Antigen processing and presentation

T cell receptor signaling pathway

B cell receptor signaling pathway

Leukocyte transendothelial migration

KO pathway

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