KEGG   PATHWAY: pki04261
Entry
pki04261                    Pathway                                
Name
Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes - Paramormyrops kingsleyae
Description
Cardiac myocytes express at least six subtypes of adrenergic receptor (AR) which include three subtypes of beta-AR (beta-1, beta-2, beta-3) and three subtypes of the alpha-1-AR (alpha-1A, alpha-1B, and alpha-1C). In the human heart the beta-1-AR is the pre- dominate receptor. Acute sympathetic stimulation of cardiac beta-1-ARs induces positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, the most effective mechanism to acutely increase output of the heart, by coupling to Gs, formation of cAMP by adenylyl cyclase (AC), and PKA- dependent phosphorylation of various target proteins (e.g., ryanodine receptor [RyR]; phospholamban [PLB], troponin I [TnI], and the L-type Ca2+ channel [LTCC]). Chronic beta-1-AR stimulation is detrimental and induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis. beta-2-AR coupled to Gs exerts a proapoptotic action as well as beta-1-AR, while beta-2-AR coupled to Gi exerts an antiapoptotic action.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
Pathway map
pki04261  Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes
pki04261

Other DBs
GO: 0001997
Organism
Paramormyrops kingsleyae [GN:pki]
Gene
111836057  adrb1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
111848908  adrb2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
111850095  beta-2 adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04142]
111844707  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04632]
111835288  gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
111845834  adenylate cyclase type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111850159  adenylate cyclase type 1-like [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111844387  adenylate cyclase type 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111852779  adenylate cyclase type 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111851542  adenylate cyclase type 3-like [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111856451  adenylate cyclase type 4-like [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111851750  adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111837572  adcy6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111848207  adenylate cyclase type 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111832687  adenylate cyclase type 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111845896  adcy8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111860576  adenylate cyclase type 9-like [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111843208  adcy9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111840869  bves; blood vessel epicardial substance isoform X1 [KO:K21108]
111856870  popdc2; popeye domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K26206]
111840871  popdc3; popeye domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K26207]
111841264  potassium channel subfamily K member 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04913]
111858271  potassium channel subfamily K member 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04913]
111840961  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
111847642  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
111849218  prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
111860532  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
111839715  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
111833136  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2-like [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
111836459  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
111836461  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
111842914  atp1a3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
111855672  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
111855680  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
111835086  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2-like [KO:K01540]
111838043  atp1b4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
111836649  atp1b3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
111848933  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3-like [KO:K01540]
111838225  atp1b1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
111856259  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-233-like isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
111860823  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
111844542  sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1-like [KO:K05742]
111843924  Na(+)/H(+) exchanger beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K05742]
111859522  potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04926]
111858594  potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1-like [KO:K04926]
111840119  potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04926]
111853804  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111837534  atp2b2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111842312  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111838113  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111840344  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111835444  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111857002  atp2b3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111835102  sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like [KO:K05849]
111839525  sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
111833395  sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
111835697  slc8a1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
111844092  sodium/calcium exchanger 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
111856225  slc8a3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
111850087  sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04838]
111849749  sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha-like [KO:K04838]
111834092  sodium channel subunit beta-1-like [KO:K04845]
111840176  sodium channel subunit beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04845]
111842583  sodium channel subunit beta-1-like [KO:K04845]
111855323  sodium channel subunit beta-4-like [KO:K04848]
111854955  scn4b; sodium channel subunit beta-4 [KO:K04848]
111843125  cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
111852542  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
111833375  cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
111857113  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
111847817  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04853]
111858929  dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04857]
111834368  dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04857]
111855959  cacnb1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862]
111834279  cacnb2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863]
111852554  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2-like [KO:K04863]
111837474  cacnb3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04864]
111851740  cacnb4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865]
111833289  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04858]
111846161  cacna2d1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 [KO:K04858]
111848782  cacna2d2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04859]
111860018  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2-like [KO:K04859]
111852528  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K04860]
111833382  cacna2d3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04860]
111843101  cacna2d4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04861]
111843291  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit-like [KO:K04866]
111848312  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit-like [KO:K04866]
111835972  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04867]
111859722  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K04867]
111845558  cacng3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868]
111849138  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit-like [KO:K04868]
111843200  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit-like [KO:K04869]
111848299  cacng4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869]
111847800  cacng5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870]
111853326  cacng6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit [KO:K04871]
111837760  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K04872]
111853300  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit-like [KO:K04872]
111844188  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit-like [KO:K04873]
111853324  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K04873]
111836038  calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
111839522  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
111852631  calm1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
111844882  calm3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
111839995  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
111848450  calmodulin-A isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
111841764  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
111858903  calml6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
111850968  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111851449  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111857505  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111853011  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha-like [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111850351  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111853435  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111848433  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma-like [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111853670  ryr2; ryanodine receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04962]
111847940  ppp2ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111835938  ppp2cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111839546  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111844798  ppp2r1b; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform [KO:K03456]
111836971  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04354]
111839410  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform [KO:K04354]
111848522  ppp2r2d; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform [KO:K04354]
111836212  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354]
111860711  ppp2r2b; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354]
111852641  ppp2r3c; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit gamma [KO:K11583]
111853464  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K11583]
111850492  ppp2r3a; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K11583]
111838233  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K11583]
111856266  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K11583]
111851032  ppp2r5e; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
111844407  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
111839527  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform-like [KO:K11584]
111844459  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform [KO:K11584]
111835246  ppp2r5b; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform [KO:K11584]
111852440  ppp2r5c; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
111849001  ppp2r5d; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584]
111858036  ppp2r5a; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform [KO:K11584]
111840498  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase alpha-2 isoform-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111842088  ppp1cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111849258  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase alpha-2 isoform-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111842149  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111850693  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111855133  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111855420  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111842269  troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles-like [KO:K05865]
111837476  troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles [KO:K05865]
111855508  troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles-like [KO:K05865]
111854595  troponin T, cardiac muscle isoforms-like isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
111855248  troponin T, cardiac muscle-like isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
111843578  tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
111846827  tpm1; tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
111834483  tropomyosin beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K10374]
111838426  tropomyosin alpha-3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K09290]
111847603  tpm4; tropomyosin alpha-4 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10375]
111860236  tropomyosin alpha-1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K10375]
111841594  actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1-like [KO:K12314]
111841768  actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 [KO:K12314]
111855084  acta1; actin, alpha skeletal muscle [KO:K12314]
111838863  actin, alpha cardiac [KO:K12314]
111835601  myosin-7 [KO:K17751]
111840835  myosin-7-like [KO:K17751]
111859615  myosin heavy chain, fast skeletal muscle-like [KO:K17751]
111840776  myosin-7-like [KO:K17751]
111842153  myl2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351]
111843447  myosin light chain 4-like [KO:K12750]
111856076  myosin light chain 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K12750]
111836118  pln; cardiac phospholamban [KO:K05852]
111842228  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2-like [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111855121  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111861055  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111854734  atp2a3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111833752  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111840495  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111855087  agt; angiotensinogen [KO:K09821]
111850479  agtr1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
111855502  agtr2; type-2 angiotensin II receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04167]
111836953  alpha-1A adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04135]
111839412  alpha-1A adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04135]
111850207  alpha-1A adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04136]
111855193  adra1b; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
111837244  adra1d; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04137]
111839234  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
111834703  plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111837852  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111838879  plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111837866  plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111857883  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111843225  protein kinase C alpha type-like isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
111848649  prkca; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
111835229  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1A-like [KO:K08050]
111835825  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111857802  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111852024  ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5-like [KO:K04445] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111858989  ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5-like [KO:K04445] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111851608  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 [KO:K05870]
111852787  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1-like [KO:K05870]
111838634  atf2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
111835975  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4-like [KO:K04374]
111845249  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4-like [KO:K04374]
111838408  creb3l4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
111839151  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
111839241  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
111846663  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
111836701  creb3l3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
111858213  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
111859040  creb3l2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
111846972  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
111839001  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
111842807  atf6b; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049]
111840229  cAMP-responsive element modulator-like isoform X1 [KO:K09052]
111840758  cAMP-responsive element modulator-like isoform X1 [KO:K09052]
111851660  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-like [KO:K02161]
111845833  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-like [KO:K02161]
111840326  rapgef3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08014]
111838585  rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4-like [KO:K04351]
111840792  rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04351]
111835993  mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111845666  mitogen-activated protein kinase 11-like isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111845679  mitogen-activated protein kinase 12-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111840348  mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A-like isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111853904  mitogen-activated protein kinase 13-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111856186  mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A-like isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111847017  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04630]
111843401  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
111840552  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
111834337  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
111839819  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2-like [KO:K04630]
111851191  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform-like [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111857863  pik3cg; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111833532  pik3r5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290]
111833591  pik3r6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
111856319  phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6-like [KO:K21290]
111838854  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111852355  akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111850633  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111860965  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111861008  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00788  L-Adrenaline
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C07056  Isoproterenol
Reference
PMID:19883653
  Authors
Grimm M, Brown JH
  Title
Beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in the heart: role of CaMKII.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 48:322-30 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.10.016
Reference
PMID:21212391
  Authors
Yang JH, Saucerman JJ
  Title
Computational models reduce complexity and accelerate insight into cardiac signaling networks.
  Journal
Circ Res 108:85-97 (2011)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223602
Reference
PMID:16765984
  Authors
Schaub MC, Hefti MA, Zaugg M
  Title
Integration of calcium with the signaling network in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 41:183-214 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.04.005
Reference
PMID:22022314
  Authors
Taggart P, Boyett MR, Logantha S, Lambiase PD
  Title
Anger, emotion, and arrhythmias: from brain to heart.
  Journal
Front Physiol 2:67 (2011)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2011.00067
Reference
PMID:17988210
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 70:23-49 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455
Reference
PMID:20923637
  Authors
Soltis AR, Saucerman JJ
  Title
Synergy between CaMKII substrates and beta-adrenergic signaling in regulation of cardiac myocyte Ca(2+) handling.
  Journal
Biophys J 99:2038-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.016
Reference
PMID:12439640
  Authors
Wallukat G
  Title
The beta-adrenergic receptors.
  Journal
Herz 27:683-90 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00059-002-2434-z
Reference
PMID:11604549
  Authors
Xiao RP
  Title
Beta-adrenergic signaling in the heart: dual coupling of the beta2-adrenergic receptor to G(s) and G(i) proteins.
  Journal
Sci STKE 2001:re15 (2001)
DOI:10.1126/stke.2001.104.re15
Reference
PMID:10571541
  Authors
Xiao RP, Cheng H, Zhou YY, Kuschel M, Lakatta EG
  Title
Recent advances in cardiac beta(2)-adrenergic signal transduction.
  Journal
Circ Res 85:1092-100 (1999)
DOI:10.1161/01.RES.85.11.1092
Reference
PMID:15979723
  Authors
Zheng M, Zhu W, Han Q, Xiao RP
  Title
Emerging concepts and therapeutic implications of beta-adrenergic receptor subtype signaling.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 108:257-68 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.04.006
Reference
PMID:17826821
  Authors
Kuzumoto M, Takeuchi A, Nakai H, Oka C, Noma A, Matsuoka S
  Title
Simulation analysis of intracellular Na+ and Cl- homeostasis during beta 1-adrenergic stimulation of cardiac myocyte.
  Journal
Prog Biophys Mol Biol 96:171-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2007.07.005
Reference
PMID:11805843
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
  Journal
Nature 415:198-205 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415198a
Reference
PMID:20658186
  Authors
Ho D, Yan L, Iwatsubo K, Vatner DE, Vatner SF
  Title
Modulation of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in heart failure and longevity: targeting adenylyl cyclase type 5.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 15:495-512 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-010-9183-5
Reference
PMID:15142747
  Authors
Saucerman JJ, McCulloch AD
  Title
Mechanistic systems models of cell signaling networks: a case study of myocyte adrenergic regulation.
  Journal
Prog Biophys Mol Biol 85:261-78 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2004.01.005
Reference
PMID:15765137
  Authors
Yano M, Ikeda Y, Matsuzaki M
  Title
Altered intracellular Ca2+ handling in heart failure.
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:556-64 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI24159
Reference
PMID:15232578
  Authors
Wehrens XH, Marks AR
  Title
Novel therapeutic approaches for heart failure by normalizing calcium cycling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 3:565-73 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrd1440
Reference
PMID:19874988
  Authors
Triposkiadis F, Karayannis G, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis J, Louridas G, Butler J
  Title
The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications.
  Journal
J Am Coll Cardiol 54:1747-62 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.05.015
Reference
PMID:18407781
  Authors
Barry SP, Davidson SM, Townsend PA
  Title
Molecular regulation of cardiac hypertrophy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2023-39 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.020
Related
pathway
pki04020  Calcium signaling pathway
pki04260  Cardiac muscle contraction
KO pathway
ko04261   
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