Entry Name Circadian entrainment - Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey)
Description Circadian entrainment is a fundamental property by which the period of the internal biological clock is entrained by recurring exogenous signals, such that the organism's endocrine and behavioral rhythms are synchronized to environmental cues. In mammals, a master clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus and may synchronize circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues. Light signal is the dominant synchronizer for master SCN clock. Downstream from the retina, glutamate and PACAP are released and trigger the activation of signal transduction cascades, including CamKII and nNOS activity, cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Of non-photic entrainment, important phase shifting capabilities have been found for melatonin, which inhibits light-induced phase shifts through inhibition of adenylate cyclase (AC). Multiple entrainment pathways converge into CREB regulation. In turn, phosphorylated CREB activates clock gene expression.
Class Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptationBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey) [GN:
sbq ]
Gene 101030380 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209 ]
101036413 CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
101041452 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
101041781 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta chain-like [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
101038342 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X10 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
101034085 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
101029556 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
101054498 RASD1; dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07843 ]
101042629 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
101041681 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
101032105 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
101049046 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
101041488 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
101050677 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
101030203 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
101030409 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538 ]
101038619 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
101041345 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
101030348 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
101037908 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
101030524 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
101044875 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
101051683 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
101046368 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
101044114 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
101028952 CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X14 [KO:K04854 ]
101029677 CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H isoform X1 [KO:K04855 ]
101034125 CACNA1I; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856 ]
101029745 ADCYAP1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide [KO:K05262 ]
101036021 ADCYAP1R1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04587 ]
101043452 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
101040048 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
101043152 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
101040642 MTNR1B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: melatonin receptor type 1B [KO:K04286 ]
101051855 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
101046851 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101047168 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101052271 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101029304 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997 ]
101034486 KCNJ5; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04999 ]
101048844 KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000 ]
101031726 KCNJ9; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 3 [KO:K05002 ]
Compound Reference Authors Brown TM, Piggins HD
Title Electrophysiology of the suprachiasmatic circadian clock.
Journal Reference Authors Dickson L, Finlayson K
Title VPAC and PAC receptors: From ligands to function.
Journal Reference Authors Golombek DA, Rosenstein RE
Title Physiology of circadian entrainment.
Journal Reference Authors Dubocovich ML, Markowska M
Title Functional MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors in mammals.
Journal Reference Authors Dubocovich ML, Delagrange P, Krause DN, Sugden D, Cardinali DP, Olcese J
Title International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXV. Nomenclature, classification, and pharmacology of G protein-coupled melatonin receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Hardeland R
Title Melatonin: signaling mechanisms of a pleiotropic agent.
Journal Reference Authors Golombek DA, Ferreyra GA, Agostino PV, Murad AD, Rubio MF, Pizzio GA, Katz ME, Marpegan L, Bekinschtein TA
Title From light to genes: moving the hands of the circadian clock.
Journal Reference Authors Mertens I, Husson SJ, Janssen T, Lindemans M, Schoofs L
Title PACAP and PDF signaling in the regulation of mammalian and insect circadian rhythms.
Journal Reference Authors Kim DY, Choi HJ, Kim JS, Kim YS, Jeong DU, Shin HC, Kim MJ, Han HC, Hong SK, Kim YI
Title Voltage-gated calcium channels play crucial roles in the glutamate-induced phase shifts of the rat suprachiasmatic circadian clock.
Journal Reference Authors Agostino PV, Ferreyra GA, Murad AD, Watanabe Y, Golombek DA
Title Diurnal, circadian and photic regulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the hamster suprachiasmatic nuclei.
Journal Reference Authors Ferreyra GA, Golombek DA
Title Rhythmicity of the cGMP-related signal transduction pathway in the mammalian circadian system.
Journal Reference Authors Butcher GQ, Lee B, Cheng HY, Obrietan K
Title Light stimulates MSK1 activation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus via a PACAP-ERK/MAP kinase-dependent mechanism.
Journal Reference Authors Hamada T, Niki T, Ziging P, Sugiyama T, Watanabe S, Mikoshiba K, Ishida N
Title Differential expression patterns of inositol trisphosphate receptor types 1 and 3 in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Journal Reference Authors Diaz-Munoz M, Dent MA, Granados-Fuentes D, Hall AC, Hernandez-Cruz A, Harrington ME, Aguilar-Roblero R
Title Circadian modulation of the ryanodine receptor type 2 in the SCN of rodents.
Journal Reference Authors Fang M, Jaffrey SR, Sawa A, Ye K, Luo X, Snyder SH
Title Dexras1: a G protein specifically coupled to neuronal nitric oxide synthase via CAPON.
Journal Reference Authors Takahashi H, Umeda N, Tsutsumi Y, Fukumura R, Ohkaze H, Sujino M, van der Horst G, Yasui A, Inouye ST, Fujimori A, Ohhata T, Araki R, Abe M
Title Mouse dexamethasone-induced RAS protein 1 gene is expressed in a circadian rhythmic manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Journal Reference Authors Cheng HY, Dziema H, Papp J, Mathur DP, Koletar M, Ralph MR, Penninger JM, Obrietan K
Title The molecular gatekeeper Dexras1 sculpts the photic responsiveness of the mammalian circadian clock.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
