KEGG   PATHWAY: csyr04724
Entry
csyr04724                   Pathway                                
Name
Glutamatergic synapse - Carlito syrichta (Philippine tarsier)
Description
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
csyr04724  Glutamatergic synapse
csyr04724

Other DBs
GO: 0051966
Organism
Carlito syrichta (Philippine tarsier) [GN:csyr]
Gene
103249366  LZTS3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 [KO:K26472]
103249839  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
103249868  [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
103250585  SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302]
103251131  SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 [KO:K15009]
103251444  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103251518  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04536]
103251529  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
103251768  [KO:K04632]
103252919  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103253155  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534]
103253254  [KO:K05197]
103253311  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103254437  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
103254816  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103254833  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
103255260  [KO:K05201]
103255429  GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A [KO:K05213]
103255431  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
103255440  SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05618]
103255466  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
103255467  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576]
103255636  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
103255674  [KO:K04537]
103255823  [KO:K04632]
103256271  PLA2G4C; cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
103256405  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
103256992  [KO:K04958]
103257121  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
103257199  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
103257479  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103257496  SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 [KO:K12302]
103258142  SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05614]
103258399  [KO:K04634]
103258733  GRK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
103258957  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 [KO:K05199]
103259018  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
103259199  GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212]
103259248  DLGAP1; disks large-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15008]
103259338  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103259710  [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
103260591  GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 [KO:K05202]
103260844  HOMER3; homer protein homolog 3 [KO:K15010]
103261079  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
103261167  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
103261218  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103261862  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
103261901  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
103262358  GRIK3; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 [KO:K05203]
103262382  KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997]
103262642  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103262814  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
103263048  HOMER1; homer protein homolog 1 [KO:K15010]
103263213  PLD1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
103263237  DLG4; disks large homolog 4 isoform X3 [KO:K11828]
103263431  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
103263669  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
103264431  HOMER2; homer protein homolog 2 [KO:K15010]
103264772  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
103265017  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
103265431  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
103265435  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103265906  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
103265957  GRK3; beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
103266092  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103266637  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
103266703  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X2 [KO:K14207]
103266704  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14990]
103267083  SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 [KO:K12302]
103267232  GRIA4; glutamate receptor 4 isoform X2 [KO:K05200]
103267869  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103268263  [KO:K04545]
103268803  GRM5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [KO:K04604]
103269071  [KO:K04603]
103269239  GRM4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 [KO:K04607]
103269243  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
103269853  GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 [KO:K05205]
103269994  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103271374  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
103271375  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
103271506  [KO:K15009]
103271701  NCDN; neurochondrin isoform X2 [KO:K27819]
103271836  [KO:K04610]
103272099  SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K05613]
103272149  SLC1A6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05617]
103272228  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103272341  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103272377  [KO:K04606]
103272514  GRM2; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04605]
103273050  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07826]
103273462  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103273680  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103274188  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103274601  [KO:K05204]
103274889  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform X3 [KO:K05198]
103275112  [KO:K04964]
103275140  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
103275147  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103275187  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
103276479  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103276554  PLD2; phospholipase D2 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
103276955  GLUL; glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
110594660  [KO:K04542]
110594710  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
110594775  [KO:K04542]
110595246  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
110595573  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
110595842  [KO:K04545]
110596118  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
110596243  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:20055706
  Authors
Niswender CM, Conn PJ
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 50:295-322 (2010)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533
Reference
PMID:19112153
  Authors
Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 60:536-81 (2008)
DOI:10.1124/pr.108.000166
Reference
PMID:11672421
  Authors
Hermans E, Challiss RA
  Title
Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochem J 359:465-84 (2001)
DOI:10.1042/bj3590465
Reference
PMID:17663464
  Authors
Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Neurosci Res 86:1-10 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/jnr.21437
Reference
PMID:14684436
  Authors
Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
  Title
Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003:75-93 (2003)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1300.005
Reference
PMID:18425072
  Authors
Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
  Title
Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:426-37 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2462
Reference
PMID:17706608
  Authors
Gass JT, Olive MF
  Title
Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:218-65 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.039
Reference
PMID:9665875
  Authors
Palmada M, Centelles JJ
  Title
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
  Journal
Front Biosci 3:d701-18 (1998)
DOI:10.2741/a314
Reference
PMID:11561058
  Authors
Schoepp DD
  Title
Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference
PMID:19559598
  Authors
de Jong AP, Verhage M
  Title
Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 19:245-53 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.005
Reference
PMID:18464791
  Authors
Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
  Title
Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:423-36 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2379
Reference
PMID:19110202
  Authors
Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
  Journal
Neurotherapeutics 6:94-107 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.038
Reference
PMID:10481192
  Authors
Conti F, Weinberg RJ
  Title
Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 22:451-8 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01445-9
Reference
PMID:12399578
  Authors
Sheng M, Kim MJ
  Title
Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
  Journal
Science 298:776-80 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1075333
Related
pathway
csyr00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
csyr04020  Calcium signaling pathway
csyr04720  Long-term potentiation
csyr04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
csyr04730  Long-term depression
KO pathway
ko04724   

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