KEGG PATHWAY: cimi05150

PATHWAY: cimi05150

Entry

cimi05150                   Pathway

Name

Staphylococcus aureus infection - Cebus imitator (Panamanian white-faced capuchin)

Description

Staphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the effectiveness of the immune system: secreting immune modulating proteins that inhibit complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis or lysis, modulating the sensitivity to cationic antimicrobial peptides (such as defensin) by increasing the positive net charge of its cytoplasmic membrane, and expression of superantigens that prevent development of a normal immune response or cause an emetic response when ingested.

Class

Human Diseases; Infectious disease: bacterial

Pathway map

cimi05150

Staphylococcus aureus infection

Organism

Cebus imitator (Panamanian white-faced capuchin) [GN:cimi]

Gene

108281541

KRT39; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 39 [KO:K07604]

108299213

keratin, type I cuticular Ha1 [KO:K07604]

108299215

keratin, type I cuticular Ha1-like [KO:K07604]

108289774

KRT37; keratin, type I cuticular Ha7 [KO:K07604]

108289773

KRT9; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9 [KO:K07604]

108293231

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19-like [KO:K07604]

108281529

KRT10; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10 isoform X2 [KO:K07604]

108281530

KRT24; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 24 [KO:K07604]

108281531

KRT28; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 28 isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

108281532

KRT26; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 26 [KO:K07604]

108281533

KRT27; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 27 [KO:K07604]

108281534

KRT25; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 25 [KO:K07604]

108281535

KRT12; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 12 [KO:K07604]

108281538

KRT23; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 23 [KO:K07604]

108281542

KRT40; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 40 [KO:K07604]

108281558

KRT20; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 20 [KO:K07604]

108289857

KRT16; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 16 isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

108289858

KRT36; keratin, type I cuticular Ha6 [KO:K07604]

108289859

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14 isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

108289860

KRT15; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 15 [KO:K07604]

108289861

KRT38; keratin, type I cuticular Ha8 [KO:K07604]

108289862

KRT32; keratin, type I cuticular Ha2 [KO:K07604]

108289863

KRT13; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 13 [KO:K07604]

108289864

KRT17; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 17 [KO:K07604]

108289865

KRT19; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19 [KO:K07604]

108289867

KRT35; keratin, type I cuticular Ha5 [KO:K07604]

108289869

keratin, type I cuticular Ha4 isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

108308592

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 [KO:K07604]

108282788

FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain isoform X2 [KO:K03905]

108304218

C3; complement C3 isoform X1 [KO:K03990]

108299810

CFB; complement factor B isoform X1 [KO:K01335] [EC:3.4.21.47]

108293137

CFD; complement factor D [KO:K01334] [EC:3.4.21.46]

108298607

complement factor H-like [KO:K04004]

108309814

MBL2; mannose-binding protein C [KO:K03991]

108281422

mannose-binding protein A-like isoform X1 [KO:K03991]

108318507

MASP1; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03992] [EC:3.4.21.-]

108286264

MASP2; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03993] [EC:3.4.21.104]

108308622

C1QA; complement C1q subcomponent subunit A [KO:K03986]

108308624

C1QB; complement C1q subcomponent subunit B [KO:K03987]

108308623

C1QC; complement C1q subcomponent subunit C [KO:K03988]

108295009

C1R; complement C1r subcomponent [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]

108295012

C1S; complement C1s subcomponent [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]

108299811

C2; complement C2 [KO:K01332] [EC:3.4.21.43]

108299806

C4A; complement C4-A isoform X1 [KO:K03989]

108285847

C5; complement C5 [KO:K03994]

108291845

C3AR1; C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor [KO:K04009]

108283846

C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04010]

108297700

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor IB [KO:K06498]

108316383

FCGR1A; high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I [KO:K06498]

108293619

FCGR2A; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a isoform X1 [KO:K06472]

108302361

low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c-like [KO:K12560]

108293620

FCGR2B; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b isoform X1 [KO:K12560]

108293621

FCGR3A; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A isoform X1 [KO:K06463]

119473862

FCAR; immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor isoform X1 [KO:K06513]

108286244

FPR3; N-formyl peptide receptor 3 [KO:K04173]

108286245

FPR2; N-formyl peptide receptor 2 [KO:K04173]

108286242

FPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fMet-Leu-Phe receptor [KO:K04172]

108310836

PLG; plasminogen isoform X1 [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]

108289939

CFI; complement factor I isoform X1 [KO:K01333] [EC:3.4.21.45]

108313040

SELPLG; P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06544]

108308341

P-selectin isoform X1 [KO:K06496]

108283590

ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]

108293872

ITGAL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: integrin alpha-L [KO:K05718]

108293916

ITGAM; integrin alpha-M isoform X1 [KO:K06461]

108311252

ITGB2; integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]

108293127

DEFB1; beta-defensin 1 [KO:K23125]

108293110

beta-defensin 4A-like [KO:K21100]

108293117

beta-defensin 4A-like [KO:K21100]

108293111

beta-defensin 103A [KO:K23126]

108298913

theta defensin subunit A-like [KO:K05230]

108298912

theta defensin subunit A-like [KO:K05230]

108293116

neutrophil defensin 4-like [KO:K05230]

108293123

demidefensin-3-like [KO:K05230]

108293124

neutrophil defensin 1-like [KO:K05230]

108293125

defensin-5-like [KO:K05230]

108294082

cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]

108282188

DSG1; desmoglein-1 [KO:K07596]

108291083

uncharacterized protein LOC108291083 [KO:K10785]

108291134

uncharacterized protein LOC108291134 [KO:K10785]

108291137

uncharacterized protein LOC108291137 [KO:K10785]

108300065

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

108300066

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752]

108300070

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752]

108300073

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752]

108300075

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752]

108300083

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

108300084

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

108300085

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain [KO:K06752]

108300086

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752]

108300087

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like [KO:K06752]

108300090

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR beta 3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

108300093

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]

108300091

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain [KO:K06752]

119470189

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

108299883

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like [KO:K06752]

108308760

PTAFR; platelet-activating factor receptor [KO:K04279]

108302085

IL10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]

Compound

C11596

FMLP

C20898

Lipoteichoic acid

Reference

PMID:20178484

Authors

Foster TJ

Title

Colonization and infection of the human host by staphylococci: adhesion, survival and immune evasion.

Journal

Vet Dermatol 20:456-70 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00825.x

Reference

PMID:16322743

Authors

Foster TJ

Title

Immune evasion by staphylococci.

Journal

Nat Rev Microbiol 3:948-58 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1289

Reference

PMID:20062962

Authors

Laarman A, Milder F, van Strijp J, Rooijakkers S

Title

Complement inhibition by gram-positive pathogens: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Journal

J Mol Med 88:115-20 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0572-y

Reference

PMID:16242332

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Staphylococcal innate immune evasion.

Journal

Trends Microbiol 13:596-601 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2005.10.002

Reference

PMID:16679003

Authors

Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T

Title

Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion and aggression.

Journal

J Dermatol Sci 42:203-14 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.03.011

Reference

PMID:11361034

Authors

Torres BA, Kominsky S, Perrin GQ, Hobeika AC, Johnson HM

Title

Superantigens: the good, the bad, and the ugly.

Journal

Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 226:164-76 (2001)
DOI:10.1177/153537020122600303

Reference

PMID:18061675

Authors

Atkins KL, Burman JD, Chamberlain ES, Cooper JE, Poutrel B, Bagby S, Jenkins AT, Feil EJ, van den Elsen JM

Title

S. aureus IgG-binding proteins SpA and Sbi: host specificity and mechanisms of immune complex formation.

Journal

Mol Immunol 45:1600-11 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.021

Reference

PMID:16724100

Authors

Silverman GJ, Goodyear CS

Title

Confounding B-cell defences: lessons from a staphylococcal superantigen.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 6:465-75 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1853

Reference

PMID:15273292

Authors

Goodyear CS, Silverman GJ

Title

Staphylococcal toxin induced preferential and prolonged in vivo deletion of innate-like B lymphocytes.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:11392-7 (2004)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0404382101

Reference

PMID:19112495

Authors

Haupt K, Reuter M, van den Elsen J, Burman J, Halbich S, Richter J, Skerka C, Zipfel PF

Title

The Staphylococcus aureus protein Sbi acts as a complement inhibitor and forms a tripartite complex with host complement Factor H and C3b.

Journal

PLoS Pathog 4:e1000250 (2008)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000250

Reference

PMID:16111912

Authors

Bokarewa MI, Jin T, Tarkowski A

Title

Staphylococcus aureus: Staphylokinase.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 38:504-9 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.07.005

Reference

PMID:16086019

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, Ruyken M, Roos A, Daha MR, Presanis JS, Sim RB, van Wamel WJ, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Immune evasion by a staphylococcal complement inhibitor that acts on C3 convertases.

Journal

Nat Immunol 6:920-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/ni1235

Reference

PMID:19503103

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, Wu J, Ruyken M, van Domselaar R, Planken KL, Tzekou A, Ricklin D, Lambris JD, Janssen BJ, van Strijp JA, Gros P

Title

Structural and functional implications of the alternative complement pathway C3 convertase stabilized by a staphylococcal inhibitor.

Journal

Nat Immunol 10:721-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/ni.1756

Reference

PMID:17893203

Authors

Jongerius I, Kohl J, Pandey MK, Ruyken M, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Rooijakkers SH

Title

Staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules.

Journal

J Exp Med 204:2461-71 (2007)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20070818

Reference

PMID:18544012

Authors

Hair PS, Ward MD, Semmes OJ, Foster TJ, Cunnion KM

Title

Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A binds to complement regulator factor I and increases factor I cleavage of C3b.

Journal

J Infect Dis 198:125-33 (2008)
DOI:10.1086/588825

Reference

PMID:16640587

Authors

Higgins J, Loughman A, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Foster TJ

Title

Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Journal

FEMS Microbiol Lett 258:290-6 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00229.x

Reference

PMID:20133685

Authors

Laursen NS, Gordon N, Hermans S, Lorenz N, Jackson N, Wines B, Spillner E, Christensen JB, Jensen M, Fredslund F, Bjerre M, Sottrup-Jensen L, Fraser JD, Andersen GR

Title

Structural basis for inhibition of complement C5 by the SSL7 protein from Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:3681-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0910565107

Reference

PMID:17848512

Authors

Ramsland PA, Willoughby N, Trist HM, Farrugia W, Hogarth PM, Fraser JD, Wines BD

Title

Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity by Staphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:15051-6 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0706028104

Reference

PMID:14993252

Authors

de Haas CJ, Veldkamp KE, Peschel A, Weerkamp F, Van Wamel WJ, Heezius EC, Poppelier MJ, Van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial antiinflammatory agent.

Journal

J Exp Med 199:687-95 (2004)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20031636

Reference

PMID:17114475

Authors

Prat C, Bestebroer J, de Haas CJ, van Strijp JA, van Kessel KP

Title

A new staphylococcal anti-inflammatory protein that antagonizes the formyl peptide receptor-like 1.

Journal

J Immunol 177:8017-26 (2006)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.8017

Reference

PMID:17132726

Authors

Bestebroer J, Poppelier MJ, Ulfman LH, Lenting PJ, Denis CV, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, de Haas CJ

Title

Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 binds PSGL-1 and inhibits P-selectin-mediated neutrophil rolling.

Journal

Blood 109:2936-43 (2007)
DOI:10.1182/blood-2006-06-015461

Reference

PMID:18045383

Authors

Chung MC, Wines BD, Baker H, Langley RJ, Baker EN, Fraser JD

Title

The crystal structure of staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 11 in complex with sialyl Lewis X reveals the mechanism for cell binding and immune inhibition.

Journal

Mol Microbiol 66:1342-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05989.x

Reference

PMID:12091905

Authors

Chavakis T, Hussain M, Kanse SM, Peters G, Bretzel RG, Flock JI, Herrmann M, Preissner KT

Title

Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes.

Journal

Nat Med 8:687-93 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nm728

Reference

PMID:17517597

Authors

Li M, Lai Y, Villaruz AE, Cha DJ, Sturdevant DE, Otto M

Title

Gram-positive three-component antimicrobial peptide-sensing system.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9469-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0702159104

Reference

PMID:15561843

Authors

Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mydel P, Krawczyk K, Wojcik K, Puklo M, Lupa B, Suder P, Silberring J, Reed M, Pohl J, Shafer W, McAleese F, Foster T, Travis J, Potempa J

Title

Degradation of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by Staphylococcus aureus-derived proteinases.

Journal

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:4673-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/AAC.48.12.4673-4679.2004

Reference

PMID:18837785

Authors

Fraser JD, Proft T

Title

The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins.

Journal

Immunol Rev 225:226-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00681.x