Entry
Name
Staphylococcus aureus infection
Description
Staphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the effectiveness of the immune system: secreting immune modulating proteins that inhibit complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis or lysis, modulating the sensitivity to cationic antimicrobial peptides (such as defensin) by increasing the positive net charge of its cytoplasmic membrane, and expression of superantigens that prevent development of a normal immune response or cause an emetic response when ingested.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: bacterial
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
ko05150 Staphylococcus aureus infection
Ortholog table
Disease
H00330 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus (MRSA) infection
H00331 Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus (VRSA) infection
H01409 Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infection
Orthology
K14193 iron-regulated surface determinant protein A
K14194 serine-aspartate repeat-containing protein C/D/E
K03992 mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 [EC:3.4.21.-]
K06856 immunoglobulin heavy chain
K03986 complement C1q subcomponent subunit A
K03987 complement C1q subcomponent subunit B
K03988 complement C1q subcomponent subunit C
K04009 C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor
K04010 C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1
K06498 high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I
K06472 low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II-a
K12560 low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II-b
K16824 low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II-c
K06463 low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor III
K04173 formyl peptide receptor-like
K04172 formyl peptide receptor 1
K14196 immunoglobulin G-binding protein A
K14197 immunoglobulin G-binding protein Sbi
K14199 staphylococcal complement inhibitor
K14200 fibrinogen-binding protein
K23586 superantigen-like protein 7
K14202 chemotaxis inhibitory protein
K14203 FPRL1 inhibitory protein
K23587 superantigen-like protein 5/11
K06490 intercellular adhesion molecule 1
K13916 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
K19079 cationic antimicrobial peptide transport system ATP-binding protein
K19080 cationic antimicrobial peptide transport system permease protein
K03739 membrane protein involved in D-alanine export
K03740 D-alanine transfer protein
K11038 leukocidin/hemolysin toxin family protein
K11040 staphylococcal enterotoxin
K11043 toxic shock syndrome toxin-1
K10784 T cell receptor alpha chain V region
K10785 T-cell receptor beta chain V region
K04279 platelet-activating factor receptor
Compound
Reference
Authors
Foster TJ
Title
Colonization and infection of the human host by staphylococci: adhesion, survival and immune evasion.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Foster TJ
Title
Immune evasion by staphylococci.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Laarman A, Milder F, van Strijp J, Rooijakkers S
Title
Complement inhibition by gram-positive pathogens: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rooijakkers SH, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA
Title
Staphylococcal innate immune evasion.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T
Title
Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion and aggression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Torres BA, Kominsky S, Perrin GQ, Hobeika AC, Johnson HM
Title
Superantigens: the good, the bad, and the ugly.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Atkins KL, Burman JD, Chamberlain ES, Cooper JE, Poutrel B, Bagby S, Jenkins AT, Feil EJ, van den Elsen JM
Title
S. aureus IgG-binding proteins SpA and Sbi: host specificity and mechanisms of immune complex formation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Silverman GJ, Goodyear CS
Title
Confounding B-cell defences: lessons from a staphylococcal superantigen.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goodyear CS, Silverman GJ
Title
Staphylococcal toxin induced preferential and prolonged in vivo deletion of innate-like B lymphocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Haupt K, Reuter M, van den Elsen J, Burman J, Halbich S, Richter J, Skerka C, Zipfel PF
Title
The Staphylococcus aureus protein Sbi acts as a complement inhibitor and forms a tripartite complex with host complement Factor H and C3b.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bokarewa MI, Jin T, Tarkowski A
Title
Staphylococcus aureus: Staphylokinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rooijakkers SH, Ruyken M, Roos A, Daha MR, Presanis JS, Sim RB, van Wamel WJ, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA
Title
Immune evasion by a staphylococcal complement inhibitor that acts on C3 convertases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rooijakkers SH, Wu J, Ruyken M, van Domselaar R, Planken KL, Tzekou A, Ricklin D, Lambris JD, Janssen BJ, van Strijp JA, Gros P
Title
Structural and functional implications of the alternative complement pathway C3 convertase stabilized by a staphylococcal inhibitor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jongerius I, Kohl J, Pandey MK, Ruyken M, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Rooijakkers SH
Title
Staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hair PS, Ward MD, Semmes OJ, Foster TJ, Cunnion KM
Title
Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A binds to complement regulator factor I and increases factor I cleavage of C3b.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Higgins J, Loughman A, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Foster TJ
Title
Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Laursen NS, Gordon N, Hermans S, Lorenz N, Jackson N, Wines B, Spillner E, Christensen JB, Jensen M, Fredslund F, Bjerre M, Sottrup-Jensen L, Fraser JD, Andersen GR
Title
Structural basis for inhibition of complement C5 by the SSL7 protein from Staphylococcus aureus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ramsland PA, Willoughby N, Trist HM, Farrugia W, Hogarth PM, Fraser JD, Wines BD
Title
Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity by Staphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Haas CJ, Veldkamp KE, Peschel A, Weerkamp F, Van Wamel WJ, Heezius EC, Poppelier MJ, Van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA
Title
Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial antiinflammatory agent.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Prat C, Bestebroer J, de Haas CJ, van Strijp JA, van Kessel KP
Title
A new staphylococcal anti-inflammatory protein that antagonizes the formyl peptide receptor-like 1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bestebroer J, Poppelier MJ, Ulfman LH, Lenting PJ, Denis CV, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, de Haas CJ
Title
Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 binds PSGL-1 and inhibits P-selectin-mediated neutrophil rolling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chung MC, Wines BD, Baker H, Langley RJ, Baker EN, Fraser JD
Title
The crystal structure of staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 11 in complex with sialyl Lewis X reveals the mechanism for cell binding and immune inhibition.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chavakis T, Hussain M, Kanse SM, Peters G, Bretzel RG, Flock JI, Herrmann M, Preissner KT
Title
Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Li M, Lai Y, Villaruz AE, Cha DJ, Sturdevant DE, Otto M
Title
Gram-positive three-component antimicrobial peptide-sensing system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mydel P, Krawczyk K, Wojcik K, Puklo M, Lupa B, Suder P, Silberring J, Reed M, Pohl J, Shafer W, McAleese F, Foster T, Travis J, Potempa J
Title
Degradation of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by Staphylococcus aureus-derived proteinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fraser JD, Proft T
Title
The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamaguchi T, Nishifuji K, Sasaki M, Fudaba Y, Aepfelbacher M, Takata T, Ohara M, Komatsuzawa H, Amagai M, Sugai M
Title
Identification of the Staphylococcus aureus etd pathogenicity island which encodes a novel exfoliative toxin, ETD, and EDIN-B.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pazgier M, Hoover DM, Yang D, Lu W, Lubkowski J
Title
Human beta-defensins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang Q, Mousdicas N, Yi Q, Al-Hassani M, Billings SD, Perkins SM, Howard KM, Ishii S, Shimizu T, Travers JB
Title
Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid inhibits delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions via the platelet-activating factor receptor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lehrer RI
Title
Primate defensins.
Journal
Related pathway
ko04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
ko04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
ko04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
LinkDB
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