PATHWAY: dnm05416 Help
Entry Name Viral myocarditis - Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo)
Description Myocarditis is a cardiac disease associated with inflammation and injury of the myocardium. It results from various etiologies, both noninfectious and infectious, but coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is still considered the dominant etiological agent. Myocarditis may be caused by direct cytopathic effects of virus, a pathologic immune response to persistent virus, or autoimmunity triggered by the viral infection. The virus enters the myocyte through internalization of the coxsackie-adenoviral receptor (CAR) and its coreceptor, decay-accelerating factor (DAF). Viral proteases cleave various proteins in the host cell. One example is viral protease 2A, which cleaves eukaryote initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) and the dystrophin protein, resulting in a complete shutdown of cap-dependent RNA translation and cytoskeletal destruction in infected cardiomyocytes, respectively. CVB3 also cleaves the member of the Bcl-2 family Bid, leading to apoptosis. CVB3 infection also induces the cleavage of cyclin D protein through a proteasome-dependent pathway, leading to the host cell-growth arrest. Viral infection and necrosis of myocytes may lead to the release of intracellular antigens, resulting in activation of self-reactive T cells. CVB infection is a significant cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as well as myocarditis. Epidemiologically, myocarditis underlies a significant portion of patients with DCM.
Class Human Diseases; Cardiovascular diseaseBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo) [GN:
dnm ]
Gene 101426939 CD55; complement decay-accelerating factor isoform X1 [KO:K04006 ]
101421086 RAC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392 ]
101431800 EIF4G3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 3 [KO:K03260 ]
101420062 EIF4G2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 2 [KO:K03260 ]
101429381 EIF4G1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03260 ]
101440382 CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 [KO:K03160 ]
101415145 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101437028 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101443412 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101438478 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
101440773 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101433781 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101435501 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101435917 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101436345 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101437751 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101415573 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101417015 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101417743 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101421271 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
101421706 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
101428513 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0102 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101420800 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
101415823 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101418741 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101446223 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101415391 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101439136 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101439564 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101435448 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-46 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
111758663 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101430252 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0101 alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
101444704 popy Class I histocompatibility antigen, A-1 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101426756 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101438484 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101411165 popy Class I histocompatibility antigen, A-1 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101427038 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-37 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101412608 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101447227 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, Cw-14 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101442840 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101411454 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like [KO:K06751 ]
101413764 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101415824 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
105744147 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
101441690 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101444673 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101428809 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-59 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101412139 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101442557 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like [KO:K06751 ]
101432742 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101437850 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain-like isoform X3 [KO:K06751 ]
101422560 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
101427325 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101445227 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
101421532 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101424781 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101430113 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101435675 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-15 alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
101419419 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-73 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101442251 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, Cw-3 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101439095 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101411831 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-38 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101422917 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101412902 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101422259 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101412468 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101414493 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-42 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101442691 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101432034 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101424334 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101415212 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101442654 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-6-like [KO:K06751 ]
101412832 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
101423469 putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 [KO:K06856 ]
Reference Authors Esfandiarei M, McManus BM
Title Molecular biology and pathogenesis of viral myocarditis.
Journal Reference Authors Badorff C, Knowlton KU
Title Dystrophin disruption in enterovirus-induced myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: from bench to bedside.
Journal Reference Authors Maekawa Y, Ouzounian M, Opavsky MA, Liu PP
Title Connecting the missing link between dilated cardiomyopathy and viral myocarditis: virus, cytoskeleton, and innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Pankuweit S, Portig I, Maisch B
Title Pathophysiology of cardiac inflammation: molecular mechanisms.
Journal Reference Authors Gao G, Luo H
Title The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in viral infections.
Journal Reference Authors Coyne CB, Bergelson JM
Title Virus-induced Abl and Fyn kinase signals permit coxsackievirus entry through epithelial tight junctions.
Journal Reference Authors Badorff C, Lee GH, Knowlton KU
Title Enteroviral cardiomyopathy: bad news for the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex.
Journal Reference Authors Knowlton KU
Title CVB infection and mechanisms of viral cardiomyopathy.
Journal Reference Authors Castellano G, Affuso F, Di Conza P, Fazio S
Title Myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: possible connections and treatments.
Journal Reference Authors Cooper LT Jr
Title Myocarditis.
Journal Reference Authors Kawai C
Title From myocarditis to cardiomyopathy: mechanisms of inflammation and cell death: learning from the past for the future.
Journal Reference Authors Liu PP, Mason JW
Title Advances in the understanding of myocarditis.
Journal Reference Authors Mason JW
Title Myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: an inflammatory link.
Journal Reference Authors Tam PE
Title Coxsackievirus myocarditis: interplay between virus and host in the pathogenesis of heart disease.
Journal Related dnm04612 Antigen processing and presentation
dnm04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
