KEGG   PATHWAY: hmg04144
Entry
hmg04144                    Pathway                                
Name
Endocytosis - Hydra vulgaris (swiftwater hydra)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
hmg04144  Endocytosis
hmg04144

Other DBs
GO: 0006897
Organism
Hydra vulgaris (swiftwater hydra) [GN:hmg]
Gene
100202307  ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
100197010  phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta-like [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
100213342  phospholipase D1 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
100199205  dynamin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
100204867  clathrin light chain B [KO:K04645]
100203678  clathrin heavy chain 1 [KO:K04646]
100210303  AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 [KO:K11824]
100203914  AP-1 complex subunit beta-1 [KO:K11825]
100209209  AP-2 complex subunit mu [KO:K11826]
100211328  AP-2 complex subunit sigma [KO:K11827]
100212672  activin receptor type-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
101236593  zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 [KO:K04679]
100214111  fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-A [KO:K05094] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100206525  fibroblast growth factor receptor precursor [KO:K05094] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100214733  putative insulin-like peptide receptor precursor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100208241  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100211329  SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 [KO:K12470]
100202483  endophilin-A3 [KO:K11247]
100200409  endophilin-B1-like isoform X1 [KO:K21269]
101240442  myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562]
100201113  epsin-2 [KO:K12471]
100213009  epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472]
100208538  spartin [KO:K19366]
100208619  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4 isoform X1 [KO:K10591] [EC:2.3.2.26]
100205294  protein Mdm4 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100212713  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NRDP1 [KO:K11981] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100204448  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy isoform X1 [KO:K05632] [EC:2.3.2.26]
100213637  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF1 [KO:K04678] [EC:2.3.2.26]
101234802  low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 [KO:K12474]
100214170  beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
100197054  G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08291] [EC:2.7.11.16]
100199531  beta-arrestin-1 [KO:K04439]
100201341  neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein isoform X1 [KO:K23612]
100199620  actin-related protein 2 [KO:K17260]
100203283  actin-related protein 3 [KO:K18584]
100198816  actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A-A [KO:K05757]
100208227  actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05758]
100201109  actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05756]
100215979  actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 [KO:K05755]
100204890  actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-A [KO:K05754]
100203304  heat shock 70 kDa protein [KO:K03283]
100202286  heat shock 70 kDa protein-like [KO:K03283]
105844776  heat shock 70 kDa protein-like [KO:K03283]
124807918  heat shock 70 kDa protein-like [KO:K03283]
124807919  heat shock 70 kDa protein-like [KO:K03283]
124807971  heat shock 70 kDa protein-like [KO:K03283]
124807972  heat shock 70 kDa protein-like [KO:K03283]
124816626  heat shock 70 kDa protein-like [KO:K03283]
124816818  heat shock 70 kDa protein-like [KO:K03283]
101240301  WASH complex subunit 4 [KO:K18465]
100208626  WASH complex subunit 5 [KO:K18464]
100211357  WASH complex subunit 2C [KO:K18462]
100200262  WASH complex subunit 1 [KO:K18461]
100214258  WASH complex subunit 3 [KO:K18463]
100206101  F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-2 [KO:K10364]
100197468  F-actin-capping protein subunit beta [KO:K10365]
100200161  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 [KO:K18467]
100210552  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466]
100204247  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468]
100207629  sorting nexin-12 [KO:K17918]
100198951  STAM-binding protein [KO:K11866] [EC:3.4.19.12]
100202475  ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
101236981  hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182]
101236057  signal transducing adapter molecule 2-like [KO:K04705]
100209305  tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein [KO:K12183]
100209181  multivesicular body subunit 12A [KO:K12186]
100215452  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12184]
105846896  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37 [KO:K12185]
100198947  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A [KO:K12185]
100208101  vacuolar-sorting protein SNF8 [KO:K12188]
100211180  vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 isoform X1 [KO:K12190]
100199329  vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189]
101235836  charged multivesicular body protein 6-A [KO:K12195]
100211366  charged multivesicular body protein 4c [KO:K12194]
100209531  charged multivesicular body protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12193]
100200760  charged multivesicular body protein 2a [KO:K12191]
100202795  charged multivesicular body protein 2b [KO:K12192]
100206533  charged multivesicular body protein 7 [KO:K15053]
100197636  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196]
100197788  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4-like [KO:K12196]
100207821  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199]
100200347  charged multivesicular body protein 1b-1 [KO:K12197]
100207432  charged multivesicular body protein 1a [KO:K12197]
100210064  charged multivesicular body protein 5 [KO:K12198]
100210533  IST1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K19476]
100203706  programmed cell death 6-interacting protein-like [KO:K12200]
100213420  maspardin [KO:K19367]
101241409  cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor isoform X1 [KO:K06564]
100214782  sorting nexin-2-like [KO:K17917]
100205037  sorting nexin-32 [KO:K17920]
101237657  sorting nexin-5 [KO:K17920]
100204217  ras-like GTP-binding protein RHO [KO:K04513]
100200732  ras-like GTP-binding protein Rho1 [KO:K04513]
100207737  ras-like GTP-binding protein Rho1 [KO:K04513]
105849760  ras-like GTP-binding protein RHO [KO:K04513]
100208422  folate receptor gamma [KO:K13649]
100211925  EH domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K12476]
100200189  early endosome antigen 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K12478]
100197993  ras-related protein Rab-5C [KO:K07889]
100201517  rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 [KO:K12480]
100205983  rabenosyn-5 [KO:K12481]
101241009  vacuolar segregation protein PEP7 [KO:K12481]
100205946  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 [KO:K12479]
101239705  sorting nexin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K17919]
100201797  ras-related protein Rab-22A [KO:K07891]
100214064  ras-related protein Rab-10-like [KO:K07903]
100213842  ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
101237828  ras-related protein RABE1a isoform X2 [KO:K07901]
100207230  ras-related protein Rab-35 [KO:K07876]
100212746  ras-related protein Rab-11B [KO:K07905]
100202062  protrudin isoform X1 [KO:K19368]
101236679  kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
100213122  rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K12485]
100212317  uncharacterized protein LOC100212317 isoform X1 [KO:K04237]
101235468  partitioning defective 6 homolog gamma [KO:K06093]
100197654  protein kinase C iota type [KO:K06069] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100204156  cell division control protein 42 homolog [KO:K04393]
100210517  stromal membrane-associated protein 2-like [KO:K12486]
100202366  ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT1 isoform X1 [KO:K12487]
101239380  arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12488]
101237809  arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12489]
100203222  arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12489]
101240862  centaurin-gamma-1A isoform X1 [KO:K12491]
100213772  ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492]
100200658  ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 [KO:K12493]
101239275  PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 [KO:K12494]
101234331  IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12495]
100204427  cytohesin-3 [KO:K18441]
100214290  brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 [KO:K18442]
100213268  Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K18443]
100200770  ADP-ribosylation factor 1-like 2 [KO:K07937]
100214145  ADP-ribosylation factor [KO:K07937]
100205899  ADP-ribosylation factor 4 [KO:K07939]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
PMID:19007773
  Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
  Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 315:1610-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.10.014
Reference
PMID:18647649
  Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
  Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
  Journal
Cell Signal 21:1-6 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.06.020
Reference
PMID:15261671
  Authors
Sorkin A
  Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 16:392-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2004.06.001
Reference
PMID:19325624
  Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
  Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
  Journal
Nature 458:445-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nature07961
Reference
PMID:20110990
  Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
  Title
The endocytic matrix.
  Journal
Nature 463:464-73 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nature08910
Reference
PMID:15687999
  Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
  Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:112-26 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1571
Reference
PMID:19924646
  Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
  Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
  Journal
Histol Histopathol 25:99-112 (2010)
DOI:10.14670/HH-25.99
Reference
PMID:16203612
  Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
  Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
  Journal
Ann Med 37:394-403 (2005)
DOI:10.1080/07853890510011976
Reference
PMID:19696797
  Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
  Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10:597-608 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2755
Reference
PMID:22193161
  Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
  Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
  Journal
Nat Cell Biol 14:29-37 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/ncb2374
Related
pathway
hmg04070  Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
hmg04130  SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
hmg04142  Lysosome
hmg04350  TGF-beta signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04144   
LinkDB

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