KEGG   PATHWAY: mmma04727
Entry
mmma04727                   Pathway                                
Name
GABAergic synapse - Marmota marmota marmota (Alpine marmot)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
mmma04727  GABAergic synapse
mmma04727

Other DBs
GO: 0051932
Organism
Marmota marmota marmota (Alpine marmot) [GN:mmma]
Gene
107148563  Slc38a1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14990]
107148564  Slc38a2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
107140161  Gls2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
107138351  Gls; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
107136916  Gad1; glutamate decarboxylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
107150323  Gad2; glutamate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
107157886  Slc32a1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
107146635  Abat; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
107137756  Gabra5; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
107139031  Gabra4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 [KO:K05175]
107148162  Gabra1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 [KO:K05175]
107147973  Gabra6; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K05175]
107152509  Gabra3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 [KO:K05175]
107139030  Gabra2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
107139032  Gabrb1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 [KO:K05181]
107148058  Gabrb2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
107137885  Gabrb3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 [KO:K05181]
107137886  Gabrg3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 [KO:K05186]
107139029  Gabrg1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 [KO:K05186]
107148161  Gabrg2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
107155447  Gabrd; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta [KO:K05184]
107152510  Gabre; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon isoform X2 [KO:K05185]
107152549  Gabrq; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192]
107148041  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi isoform X1 [KO:K05189]
107135580  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107158295  Prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107144974  Prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107158309  Prkca; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107146552  Prkcb; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107158898  Prkcg; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107150588  Hap1; huntingtin-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04647]
107150894  Gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K08341]
107157974  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
107160528  Nsf; vesicle-fusing ATPase isoform X2 [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
107138610  Trak2; trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K15374]
107138576  Plcl1; inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15375]
107146189  Gphn; gephyrin isoform X11 [KO:K15376] [EC:2.10.1.1 2.7.7.75]
107135898  Slc12a5; solute carrier family 12 member 5 [KO:K23967]
107136222  Gabrr3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 [KO:K05190]
107153748  Gabrr1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 [KO:K05190]
107153767  Gabrr2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 [KO:K05190]
107159103  Cacna1b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
107154890  Cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
107149619  Cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
107159825  Cacna1f; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
107140653  Cacna1s; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
107147898  Gabbr2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615]
107160859  Gabbr1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04615]
107143459  Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
107144582  Gnai1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
107158616  Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
107144675  Gnao1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534]
107155582  Gnb1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
107147087  Gnb2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
107154943  Gnb3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
107149461  Gnb4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538]
107137620  Gnb5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
107143498  Gng2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
107135927  Gng3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
107157965  Gng4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
107158288  Gng5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
107143532  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
107157268  Gng7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
107151728  Gng8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
107141225  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
107144757  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545]
107149406  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545]
107151942  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545]
107145232  Gng14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
107146407  Gng12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
107146761  Gng13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
107134493  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1-like [KO:K04548]
107150476  Gngt2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
107146235  Adcy1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107146314  Adcy2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107137043  Adcy3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107147463  Adcy4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107143106  Adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107148587  Adcy6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X2 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107144878  Adcy7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107143016  Adcy8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107146665  Adcy9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107136477  Kcnj6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
107150180  Slc6a1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05034]
107155025  Slc6a13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
107150079  Slc6a11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
107155026  sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05045]
107147322  Glul; glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
107143460  Slc38a3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576]
107159821  Slc38a5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K14992]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00042  Succinate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
Reference
  Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
  Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
  Journal
Lippincott Williams & Wikins (2002)
DOI:10.1002/hup.431
Reference
PMID:17499109
  Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
  Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:59-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60005-8
Reference
PMID:9364667
  Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
  Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 20:523-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01147-8
Reference
PMID:20655485
  Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
  Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:231-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58010-4
Reference
PMID:21376567
  Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
  Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:339-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.004
Reference
PMID:20655481
  Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
  Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:123-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58006-2
Reference
PMID:17499108
  Authors
Emson PC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:43-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60004-6
Reference
PMID:16932937
  Authors
Kornau HC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 326:517-33 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-006-0264-7
Reference
PMID:18382465
  Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
  Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:331-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2370
Reference
PMID:12086709
  Authors
Kneussel M
  Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 39:74-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00159-5
Reference
PMID:21555068
  Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
  Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
  Journal
Neuron 70:385-409 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.024
Reference
PMID:19374920
  Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
  Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 123:17-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
Reference
PMID:16787421
  Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
  Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
  Journal
J Neurochem 98:641-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
Reference
PMID:15210304
  Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
  Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 45:196-212 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003
Reference
PMID:12888801
  Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
  Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
  Journal
Mol Psychiatry 8:721-37, 715 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001362
Reference
PMID:10780899
  Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
  Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
  Journal
J Med Chem 43:1427-47 (2000)
DOI:10.1021/jm9904349
Related
pathway
mmma00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
mmma00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
mmma04144  Endocytosis
mmma04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
KO pathway
ko04727   
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