Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Marmota marmota marmota (Alpine marmot)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Marmota marmota marmota (Alpine marmot) [GN:
mmma ]
Gene
107135547 Arap1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X5 [KO:K18439 ]
107135803 Arfgap2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
107135888 Vps37c; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C [KO:K12185 ]
107136228 Arfgap1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X6 [KO:K12492 ]
107136787 Bin1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X9 [KO:K12562 ]
107136860 Stam2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04705 ]
107136944 Arfgef2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
107137514 Asap2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X7 [KO:K12488 ]
107137992 Smad3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X2 [KO:K23605 ]
107138831 Agap1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12491 ]
107138938 Arap2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K18440 ]
107139462 Vps4b; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
107139517 Smad2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
107139886 Il2rb; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K05069 ]
107140115 Agap2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17848 ]
107141008 Vps36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 isoform X2 [KO:K12190 ]
107141547 Ldlrap1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 [KO:K12474 ]
107141687 Dnajc6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X1 [KO:K09526 ]
107141776 Eps15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X4 [KO:K12472 ]
107142140 Asap3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12488 ]
107142144 Arap3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X5 [KO:K12490 ]
107142153 Cdc42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K04393 ]
107142182 Capzb; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K10365 ]
107142411 Arfgef1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K18442 ]
107142619 Vps37a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
107142792 Asap1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12488 ]
107143031 Vps28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X3 [KO:K12184 ]
107143224 Acap2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
107144033 Smap1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
107144261 Sh3kbp1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X10 [KO:K12470 ]
107144508 Wasl; neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein isoform X2 [KO:K23612 ]
107145318 Eps15l1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
107146785 Rab11fip3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X4 [KO:K12485 ]
107147039 Vps37d; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D isoform X2 [KO:K12185 ]
107148929 Agap3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
107149832 Gbf1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X4 [KO:K18443 ]
107150555 Vps25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
107151064 Vps4a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A [KO:K12196 ]
107151096 Pard6a; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
107152096 Arpc5l; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
107152320 Zfyve16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 [KO:K04679 ]
107152814 Rab11fip2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
107153168 Igf2r; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
107153525 Vps26b; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
107153838 Psd3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
107153918 Chmp7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K15053 ]
107154170 Psd4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 [KO:K12494 ]
107154828 Vps26a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A [KO:K18466 ]
107154841 Rufy2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X6 [KO:K12482 ]
107154909 Iqsec3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
107155287 Rab11fip4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K12485 ]
107155385 Rab11fip1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
107155458 Acap3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12489 ]
107155762 Arfgap3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K12493 ]
107155802 Vta1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12199 ]
107156397 Vps37b; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B [KO:K12185 ]
107156430 Vps29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K18467 ]
107156854 Vps45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X1 [KO:K12479 ]
107157698 Hgs; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
107157983 Acap1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
107159351 Rabep1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12480 ]
107159790 Rufy1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X6 [KO:K12482 ]
107159881 Iqsec2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X5 [KO:K12495 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
mmma04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
mmma04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
mmma04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway