KEGG PATHWAY: mmyo05150

PATHWAY: mmyo05150

Entry

mmyo05150                   Pathway

Name

Staphylococcus aureus infection - Myotis myotis (greater mouse-eared bat)

Description

Staphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the effectiveness of the immune system: secreting immune modulating proteins that inhibit complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis or lysis, modulating the sensitivity to cationic antimicrobial peptides (such as defensin) by increasing the positive net charge of its cytoplasmic membrane, and expression of superantigens that prevent development of a normal immune response or cause an emetic response when ingested.

Class

Human Diseases; Infectious disease: bacterial

Pathway map

mmyo05150

Staphylococcus aureus infection

Organism

Myotis myotis (greater mouse-eared bat) [GN:mmyo]

Gene

118651954

KRT18; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 [KO:K07604]

118671191

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14 isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

118671192

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 42 [KO:K07604]

118671193

KRT17; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 17 [KO:K07604]

118671194

KRT19; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19 [KO:K07604]

118671678

keratin, type I cuticular Ha1 [KO:K07604]

118671689

KRT32; keratin, type I cuticular Ha2 [KO:K07604]

118671740

keratin, type I cuticular Ha7-like [KO:K07604]

118671774

KRT12; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 12 [KO:K07604]

118671785

KRT10; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10 isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

118671786

KRT28; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 28 [KO:K07604]

118671787

KRT27; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 27 [KO:K07604]

118671879

KRT40; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 40 [KO:K07604]

118671951

KRT39; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 39 [KO:K07604]

118672199

KRT23; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 23 isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

118672227

KRT15; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 15 [KO:K07604]

118672245

KRT24; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 24 [KO:K07604]

118672246

KRT25; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 25 isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

118672295

keratin, type I cuticular Ha3-I [KO:K07604]

118672297

keratin, type I cuticular Ha1-like [KO:K07604]

118672402

keratin, type I cuticular Ha7-like [KO:K07604]

118672422

KRT38; keratin, type I cuticular Ha8 [KO:K07604]

118672424

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 13-like [KO:K07604]

118672436

KRT35; keratin, type I cuticular Ha5 isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

118672439

KRT36; keratin, type I cuticular Ha6 [KO:K07604]

118672468

KRT26; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 26 [KO:K07604]

118672493

KRT20; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 20 isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

118659087

FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain isoform X1 [KO:K03905]

118658864

C3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: complement C3 [KO:K03990]

118679565

CFB; complement factor B [KO:K01335] [EC:3.4.21.47]

118659139

CFD; complement factor D [KO:K01334] [EC:3.4.21.46]

118678731

CFH; complement factor H isoform X1 [KO:K04004]

118670199

mannose-binding protein A-like isoform X1 [KO:K03991]

118670247

MBL2; mannose-binding protein C [KO:K03991]

118676900

MASP1; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03992] [EC:3.4.21.-]

118675853

MASP2; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03993] [EC:3.4.21.104]

118677144

C1QA; complement C1q subcomponent subunit A [KO:K03986]

118677075

C1QB; complement C1q subcomponent subunit B [KO:K03987]

118677118

C1QC; complement C1q subcomponent subunit C isoform X1 [KO:K03988]

118651308

C1R; complement C1r subcomponent [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]

118651039

C1S; complement C1s subcomponent [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]

118679566

C2; complement C2 [KO:K01332] [EC:3.4.21.43]

118679563

C4A; complement C4-A [KO:K03989]

118667117

C5; complement C5 isoform X1 [KO:K03994]

118651637

C3AR1; C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor [KO:K04009]

118652814

C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 [KO:K04010]

118673015

FCGR1A; high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I [KO:K06498]

118673376

low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-like isoform X1 [KO:K06472]

118673458

low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-like isoform X1 [KO:K12560]

118673542

low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B-like isoform X1 [KO:K06463]

118649254

N-formyl peptide receptor 2-like [KO:K04173]

118649255

N-formyl peptide receptor 2-like [KO:K04173]

118649303

N-formyl peptide receptor 2-like [KO:K04173]

118649305

N-formyl peptide receptor 2-like [KO:K04173]

118660444

PLG; plasminogen [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]

118673008

CFI; complement factor I isoform X1 [KO:K01333] [EC:3.4.21.45]

118678485

SELPLG; P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 [KO:K06544]

118673466

P-selectin isoform X1 [KO:K06496]

118658133

ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06490]

118656453

ITGAL; integrin alpha-L isoform X1 [KO:K05718]

118676535

ITGB2; integrin beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06464]

118653231

DEFB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-defensin 1 [KO:K23125]

118653243

beta-defensin 103A-like [KO:K23126]

118668521

cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]

118662624

DSG1; desmoglein-1 [KO:K07596]

118679500

H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, E-S beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

118679523

RLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha-1 chain-like [KO:K06752]

118679525

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain [KO:K06752]

118679591

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

118679613

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752]

118679614

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

118679619

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]

118679624

SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

118679625

boLa class II histocompatibility antigen, DQB*0101 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

118679626

SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

118679627

SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]

118679628

boLa class II histocompatibility antigen, DQB*0101 beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

118679633

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752]

118679640

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752]

118660487

DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

118676518

PTAFR; platelet-activating factor receptor [KO:K04279]

118673654

IL10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]

Compound

C11596

FMLP

C20898

Lipoteichoic acid

Reference

PMID:20178484

Authors

Foster TJ

Title

Colonization and infection of the human host by staphylococci: adhesion, survival and immune evasion.

Journal

Vet Dermatol 20:456-70 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00825.x

Reference

PMID:16322743

Authors

Foster TJ

Title

Immune evasion by staphylococci.

Journal

Nat Rev Microbiol 3:948-58 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1289

Reference

PMID:20062962

Authors

Laarman A, Milder F, van Strijp J, Rooijakkers S

Title

Complement inhibition by gram-positive pathogens: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Journal

J Mol Med 88:115-20 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0572-y

Reference

PMID:16242332

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Staphylococcal innate immune evasion.

Journal

Trends Microbiol 13:596-601 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2005.10.002

Reference

PMID:16679003

Authors

Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T

Title

Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion and aggression.

Journal

J Dermatol Sci 42:203-14 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.03.011

Reference

PMID:11361034

Authors

Torres BA, Kominsky S, Perrin GQ, Hobeika AC, Johnson HM

Title

Superantigens: the good, the bad, and the ugly.

Journal

Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 226:164-76 (2001)
DOI:10.1177/153537020122600303

Reference

PMID:18061675

Authors

Atkins KL, Burman JD, Chamberlain ES, Cooper JE, Poutrel B, Bagby S, Jenkins AT, Feil EJ, van den Elsen JM

Title

S. aureus IgG-binding proteins SpA and Sbi: host specificity and mechanisms of immune complex formation.

Journal

Mol Immunol 45:1600-11 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.021

Reference

PMID:16724100

Authors

Silverman GJ, Goodyear CS

Title

Confounding B-cell defences: lessons from a staphylococcal superantigen.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 6:465-75 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1853

Reference

PMID:15273292

Authors

Goodyear CS, Silverman GJ

Title

Staphylococcal toxin induced preferential and prolonged in vivo deletion of innate-like B lymphocytes.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:11392-7 (2004)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0404382101

Reference

PMID:19112495

Authors

Haupt K, Reuter M, van den Elsen J, Burman J, Halbich S, Richter J, Skerka C, Zipfel PF

Title

The Staphylococcus aureus protein Sbi acts as a complement inhibitor and forms a tripartite complex with host complement Factor H and C3b.

Journal

PLoS Pathog 4:e1000250 (2008)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000250

Reference

PMID:16111912

Authors

Bokarewa MI, Jin T, Tarkowski A

Title

Staphylococcus aureus: Staphylokinase.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 38:504-9 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.07.005

Reference

PMID:16086019

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, Ruyken M, Roos A, Daha MR, Presanis JS, Sim RB, van Wamel WJ, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Immune evasion by a staphylococcal complement inhibitor that acts on C3 convertases.

Journal

Nat Immunol 6:920-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/ni1235

Reference

PMID:19503103

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, Wu J, Ruyken M, van Domselaar R, Planken KL, Tzekou A, Ricklin D, Lambris JD, Janssen BJ, van Strijp JA, Gros P

Title

Structural and functional implications of the alternative complement pathway C3 convertase stabilized by a staphylococcal inhibitor.

Journal

Nat Immunol 10:721-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/ni.1756

Reference

PMID:17893203

Authors

Jongerius I, Kohl J, Pandey MK, Ruyken M, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Rooijakkers SH

Title

Staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules.

Journal

J Exp Med 204:2461-71 (2007)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20070818

Reference

PMID:18544012

Authors

Hair PS, Ward MD, Semmes OJ, Foster TJ, Cunnion KM

Title

Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A binds to complement regulator factor I and increases factor I cleavage of C3b.

Journal

J Infect Dis 198:125-33 (2008)
DOI:10.1086/588825

Reference

PMID:16640587

Authors

Higgins J, Loughman A, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Foster TJ

Title

Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Journal

FEMS Microbiol Lett 258:290-6 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00229.x

Reference

PMID:20133685

Authors

Laursen NS, Gordon N, Hermans S, Lorenz N, Jackson N, Wines B, Spillner E, Christensen JB, Jensen M, Fredslund F, Bjerre M, Sottrup-Jensen L, Fraser JD, Andersen GR

Title

Structural basis for inhibition of complement C5 by the SSL7 protein from Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:3681-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0910565107

Reference

PMID:17848512

Authors

Ramsland PA, Willoughby N, Trist HM, Farrugia W, Hogarth PM, Fraser JD, Wines BD

Title

Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity by Staphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:15051-6 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0706028104

Reference

PMID:14993252

Authors

de Haas CJ, Veldkamp KE, Peschel A, Weerkamp F, Van Wamel WJ, Heezius EC, Poppelier MJ, Van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial antiinflammatory agent.

Journal

J Exp Med 199:687-95 (2004)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20031636

Reference

PMID:17114475

Authors

Prat C, Bestebroer J, de Haas CJ, van Strijp JA, van Kessel KP

Title

A new staphylococcal anti-inflammatory protein that antagonizes the formyl peptide receptor-like 1.

Journal

J Immunol 177:8017-26 (2006)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.8017

Reference

PMID:17132726

Authors

Bestebroer J, Poppelier MJ, Ulfman LH, Lenting PJ, Denis CV, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, de Haas CJ

Title

Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 binds PSGL-1 and inhibits P-selectin-mediated neutrophil rolling.

Journal

Blood 109:2936-43 (2007)
DOI:10.1182/blood-2006-06-015461

Reference

PMID:18045383

Authors

Chung MC, Wines BD, Baker H, Langley RJ, Baker EN, Fraser JD

Title

The crystal structure of staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 11 in complex with sialyl Lewis X reveals the mechanism for cell binding and immune inhibition.

Journal

Mol Microbiol 66:1342-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05989.x

Reference

PMID:12091905

Authors

Chavakis T, Hussain M, Kanse SM, Peters G, Bretzel RG, Flock JI, Herrmann M, Preissner KT

Title

Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes.

Journal

Nat Med 8:687-93 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nm728

Reference

PMID:17517597

Authors

Li M, Lai Y, Villaruz AE, Cha DJ, Sturdevant DE, Otto M

Title

Gram-positive three-component antimicrobial peptide-sensing system.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9469-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0702159104

Reference

PMID:15561843

Authors

Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mydel P, Krawczyk K, Wojcik K, Puklo M, Lupa B, Suder P, Silberring J, Reed M, Pohl J, Shafer W, McAleese F, Foster T, Travis J, Potempa J

Title

Degradation of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by Staphylococcus aureus-derived proteinases.

Journal

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:4673-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/AAC.48.12.4673-4679.2004

Reference

PMID:18837785

Authors

Fraser JD, Proft T

Title

The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins.

Journal

Immunol Rev 225:226-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00681.x