Entry Name Allograft rejection - Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee)
Description Allograft rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. After transplantation of organ allografts, there are two pathways of antigen presentation. In the direct pathway, recipient T cells react to intact allogeneic MHC molecules expressed on the surface of donor cells. This pathway would activate host CD4 or CD8 T cells. In contrast, donor MHC molecules (and all other proteins) shed from the graft can be taken up by host APCs and presented to recipient T cells in the context of self-MHC molecules - the indirect pathway. Such presentation activates predominantly CD4 T cells. A direct cytotoxic T-cell attack on graft cells can be made only by T cells that recognize the graft MHC molecules directly. Nontheless, T cells with indirect allospecificity can contribute to graft rejection by activating macrophages, which cause tissue injury and fibrosis, and are also likely to be important in the development of an alloantibody response to graft.
Class Human Diseases; Immune diseaseBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) [GN:
ptr ]
Gene 450202 PATR-B; CHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-2 alpha chain precursor [KO:K06751 ]
471962 PATR-C; patr class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain precursor [KO:K06751 ]
462540 PATR-E; patr class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E precursor [KO:K06751 ]
494187 PATR-G; class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G precursor [KO:K06751 ]
463178 PATR-AL; major histocompatibility complex, class I, AL precursor [KO:K06751 ]
100169977 PATR-F; patr class I histocompatibility antigen, CH28 alpha chain precursor [KO:K06751 ]
750725 PATR-A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
471948 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-3 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
100608458 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
743494 T-cell receptor alpha chain V region RL-5 [KO:K10784 ]
472538 BV2; T-cell receptor beta chain V region CTL-L17 isoform X2 [KO:K10785 ]
743326 BV7-2; T-cell receptor beta chain V region CTL-L17 [KO:K10785 ]
472543 BV6-3; T-cell receptor beta chain V region CTL-L17 [KO:K10785 ]
470892 CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 isoform X1 [KO:K05412 ]
470900 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
470617 CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 isoform X1 [KO:K06470 ]
460816 IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05406 ]
469584 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
738331 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
449592 PATR-DMB; major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta precursor [KO:K06752 ]
471974 PATR-DQA1; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
471976 PATR-DQA2; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain [KO:K06752 ]
471977 PATR-DOB; patr class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
471979 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
462591 PATR-DRA; major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha precursor [KO:K06752 ]
462594 PATR-DQB1; major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1 precursor [KO:K06752 ]
462598 PATR-DPA1; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
462599 PATR-DPB1; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
462592 PATR-DRB5; major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 5 precursor [KO:K06752 ]
104006793 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR beta 3 chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
100616520 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain isoform X3 [KO:K06752 ]
100608816 MAMU-DMA; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
100610904 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like isoform X3 [KO:K06752 ]
100615583 CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160 ]
104002202 putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 [KO:K06856 ]
Compound Reference Authors Arakelov A, Lakkis FG.
Title The alloimmune response and effector mechanisms of allograft rejection.
Journal Semin Nephrol 20:95-102 (2000)
Reference Authors Le Moine A, Goldman M, Abramowicz D.
Title Multiple pathways to allograft rejection.
Journal Reference Authors Trivedi HL.
Title Immunobiology of rejection and adaptation.
Journal Reference Authors Pietra BA.
Title Transplantation immunology 2003: simplified approach.
Journal Reference Authors Oka T, Yoshimura N.
Title Immunosuppression in organ transplantation.
Journal Reference Authors Sayegh MH.
Title Why do we reject a graft? Role of indirect allorecognition in graft rejection.
Journal Reference Authors Benichou G.
Title Direct and indirect antigen recognition: the pathways to allograft immune rejection.
Journal Reference Authors Turvey SE, Wood KJ.
Title Immunobiology of solid organ transplantation.
Journal Int Surg 84:279-90 (1999)
Reference Authors Janeway CA, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik MJ.
Title Immunobiology 6th edition
Journal Garland Science Publishing (2005)
Reference Authors Game DS, Lechler RI.
Title Pathways of allorecognition: implications for transplantation tolerance.
Journal Reference Authors Lechler RI, Garden OA, Turka LA.
Title The complementary roles of deletion and regulation in transplantation tolerance.
Journal Related ptr04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
ptr04612 Antigen processing and presentation
ptr04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
ptr04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
