KEGG   PATHWAY: tod04727
Entry
tod04727                    Pathway                                
Name
GABAergic synapse - Talpa occidentalis (Iberian mole)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
tod04727  GABAergic synapse
tod04727

Other DBs
GO: 0051932
Organism
Talpa occidentalis (Iberian mole) [GN:tod]
Gene
119247566  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 1 [KO:K14990]
119247565  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 [KO:K14207]
119248063  GLS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
119256040  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
119245288  GAD2; glutamate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
119255920  GAD1; glutamate decarboxylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
119254308  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
119241947  ABAT; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
119235561  GABRA6; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K05175]
119236423  GABRA1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 [KO:K05175]
119260650  GABRA4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 [KO:K05175]
119245200  GABRA5; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 [KO:K05175]
119261019  GABRA2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 [KO:K05175]
119245820  GABRA3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 [KO:K05175]
119236448  GABRB2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
119244368  GABRB3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
119261325  GABRB1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 [KO:K05181]
119236445  GABRG2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
119260272  GABRG1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 [KO:K05186]
119245143  GABRG3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 [KO:K05186]
119235926  GABRD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta [KO:K05184]
119246420  GABRE; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon [KO:K05185]
119246419  GABRQ; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192]
119235461  GABRP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi [KO:K05189]
119236720  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
119241031  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
119233001  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
119231758  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
119241818  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X2 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
119249714  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
119232276  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
119247721  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform X2 [KO:K08341]
119249089  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
119232841  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase isoform X1 [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
119256103  TRAK2; trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15374]
119256072  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 [KO:K15375]
119256076  PLCL1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 [KO:K15375]
119239199  GPHN; gephyrin isoform X5 [KO:K15376] [EC:2.10.1.1 2.7.7.75]
119236078  SLC12A5; solute carrier family 12 member 5 [KO:K23967]
119258145  GABRR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 [KO:K05190]
119252688  GABRR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 [KO:K05190]
119253383  GABRR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 [KO:K05190]
119241018  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X2 [KO:K04344]
119230884  CACNA1B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
119247058  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
119237589  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
119246715  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
119234060  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
119231419  GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615]
119251948  GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04615]
119235137  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
119260497  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
119244853  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
119249230  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
119235240  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
119241578  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
119247771  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
119257308  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
119238634  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
119239088  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
119250114  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
119245241  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
119236993  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
119240544  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
119250456  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04544]
119230380  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
119238256  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545]
119242272  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
119236596  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
119240995  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
119242246  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 isoform X2 [KO:K04548]
119231337  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
119231485  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
119260631  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
119259500  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
119238960  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
119257456  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
119247875  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X2 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
119249160  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
119237825  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
119241983  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
119257080  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
119255560  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
119247837  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X4 [KO:K05046]
119255537  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
119247839  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045]
119241208  GLUL; glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
119252906  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576]
119246181  SLC38A5; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K14992]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00042  Succinate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
Reference
  Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
  Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
  Journal
Lippincott Williams & Wikins (2002)
DOI:10.1002/hup.431
Reference
PMID:17499109
  Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
  Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:59-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60005-8
Reference
PMID:9364667
  Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
  Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 20:523-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01147-8
Reference
PMID:20655485
  Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
  Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:231-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58010-4
Reference
PMID:21376567
  Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
  Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:339-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.004
Reference
PMID:20655481
  Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
  Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:123-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58006-2
Reference
PMID:17499108
  Authors
Emson PC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:43-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60004-6
Reference
PMID:16932937
  Authors
Kornau HC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 326:517-33 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-006-0264-7
Reference
PMID:18382465
  Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
  Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:331-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2370
Reference
PMID:12086709
  Authors
Kneussel M
  Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 39:74-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00159-5
Reference
PMID:21555068
  Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
  Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
  Journal
Neuron 70:385-409 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.024
Reference
PMID:19374920
  Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
  Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 123:17-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
Reference
PMID:16787421
  Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
  Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
  Journal
J Neurochem 98:641-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
Reference
PMID:15210304
  Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
  Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 45:196-212 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003
Reference
PMID:12888801
  Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
  Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
  Journal
Mol Psychiatry 8:721-37, 715 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001362
Reference
PMID:10780899
  Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
  Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
  Journal
J Med Chem 43:1427-47 (2000)
DOI:10.1021/jm9904349
Related
pathway
tod00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
tod00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
tod04144  Endocytosis
tod04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
KO pathway
ko04727   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system