Entry
Name
GABAergic synapse - Ursus americanus (American black bear)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Ursus americanus (American black bear) [GN:
uar ]
Gene
123794824 SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14990 ]
123794823 SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207 ]
123786534 GABRA3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 [KO:K05175 ]
123788562 GABRA6; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K05175 ]
123788631 GABRA1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 [KO:K05175 ]
123804037 GABRA2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05175 ]
123804077 GABRA4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 [KO:K05175 ]
123790821 GABRA5; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 [KO:K05175 ]
123788560 GABRB2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05181 ]
123790822 GABRB3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 [KO:K05181 ]
123788563 GABRG2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05186 ]
123804041 GABRG1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 [KO:K05186 ]
123790746 GABRG3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 [KO:K05186 ]
123796119 GABRD; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K05184 ]
123787685 GABRE; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon [KO:K05185 ]
123786529 GABRQ; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192 ]
123792166 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341 ]
123781641 GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341 ]
123791319 GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341 ]
123798202 TRAK2; trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15374 ]
123798172 PLCL1; inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15375 ]
123798562 GABRR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 [KO:K05190 ]
123798601 GABRR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05190 ]
123784331 GABRR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 [KO:K05190 ]
123801736 CACNA1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344 ]
123796292 CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849 ]
123777895 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850 ]
123798762 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
123797184 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
123785763 CACNA1S; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
123781213 GABBR2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615 ]
123796436 GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 [KO:K04615 ]
123795104 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
123789354 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
123798684 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
123798421 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
123796116 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
123777259 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
123781583 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
123786411 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
123801797 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
123800611 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
123789819 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
123783123 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
123787748 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542 ]
123795269 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
123793984 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
123778756 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
123803383 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
123776695 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545 ]
123789281 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
123795327 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
123777697 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
123783660 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
123789282 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
123802847 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
123802678 KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000 ]
123799214 SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034 ]
123777666 SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046 ]
123799213 SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044 ]
123777639 SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045 ]
123798682 SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K13576 ]
123787949 SLC38A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K14992 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
Journal
Reference
Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Emson PC
Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kornau HC
Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kneussel M
Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
Journal
Related pathway
uar00250 Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
KO pathway
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