KEGG PATHWAY: umr04672

KEGG

PATHWAY: umr04672

Entry

umr04672                    Pathway

Name

Intestinal immune network for IgA production - Ursus maritimus (polar bear)

Description

The intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies that serve as the first line of defense against microorganisms. The basic map of IgA production includes induction of mucosal B cells in the Peyer's patches, circulation through the bloodstream and homing to intestinal mucosa of IgA-commited plasma cells, and local antibody production for export across the intestinal membranes. Multiple cytokines, including TGF-{beta}, IL-10, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, are required to promote IgA class switching and terminal differentiation process of the B cells. Secreted IgA promotes immune exclusion by entrapping dietary antigens and microorganisms in the mucus and functions for neutralization of toxins and pathogenic microbes.

Class

Organismal Systems; Immune system

Pathway map

Intestinal immune network for IgA production

Other DBs

GO:

Organism

Ursus maritimus (polar bear) [GN:umr]

Gene

CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 [KO:K05412]

CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413]

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752]

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

boLa class II histocompatibility antigen, DQB*0101 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain [KO:K06752]

DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain [KO:K06752]

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain [KO:K06752]

CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 [KO:K06470]

IL2; interleukin-2 [KO:K05429]

IL4; interleukin-4 [KO:K05430]

IL5; interleukin-5 [KO:K05428]

IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]

IL10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]

TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375]

TNFSF13; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 isoform X1 [KO:K05475]

TNFSF13B; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B [KO:K05476]

TNFRSF13B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B [KO:K05150]

TNFRSF17; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 [KO:K05153]

TNFRSF13C; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C isoform X1 [KO:K05151]

AICDA; single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase [KO:K10989] [EC:3.5.4.38]

CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160]

CD40LG; CD40 ligand [KO:K03161]

ICOS; inducible T-cell costimulator isoform X1 [KO:K06713]

ICOSLG; ICOS ligand isoform X5 [KO:K06710]

CCR9; C-C chemokine receptor type 9 [KO:K04184]

ITGA4; integrin alpha-4 [KO:K06483]

ITGB7; integrin beta-7 isoform X1 [KO:K06590]

CXCL12; stromal cell-derived factor 1 [KO:K10031]

CXCR4; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 [KO:K04189]

CCL28; C-C motif chemokine 28 [KO:K05513]

CCR10; C-C chemokine receptor type 10 [KO:K04185]

CCL25; C-C motif chemokine 25 [KO:K13072]

MADCAM1; mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06779]

LTBR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03159]

MAP3K14; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]

IL15; interleukin-15 isoform X1 [KO:K05433]

IL15RA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05074]

PIGR; polymeric immunoglobulin receptor [KO:K13073]

Compound

Retinoate

9-cis-Retinoic acid

Reference

Authors

Fagarasan S, Honjo T

Title

Intestinal IgA synthesis: regulation of front-line body defences.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 3:63-72 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri982

Reference

Authors

Macpherson AJ, McCoy KD, Johansen FE, Brandtzaeg P

Title

The immune geography of IgA induction and function.

Journal

Mucosal Immunol 1:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/mi.2007.6

Reference

Authors

Kunisawa J, Kiyono H

Title

A marvel of mucosal T cells and secretory antibodies for the creation of first lines of defense.

Journal

Cell Mol Life Sci 62:1308-21 (2005)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-005-5035-1

Reference

Authors

Cerutti A, Rescigno M

Title

The biology of intestinal immunoglobulin A responses.

Journal

Immunity 28:740-50 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.05.001

Reference

Authors

Tsuji M, Suzuki K, Kinoshita K, Fagarasan S

Title

Dynamic interactions between bacteria and immune cells leading to intestinal IgA synthesis.

Journal

Semin Immunol 20:59-66 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2007.12.003

Reference

Authors

Corthesy B

Title

Roundtrip ticket for secretory IgA: role in mucosal homeostasis?

Journal

J Immunol 178:27-32 (2007)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.178.1.27

Reference

Authors

Suzuki K, Fagarasan S

Title

How host-bacterial interactions lead to IgA synthesis in the gut.

Journal

Trends Immunol 29:523-31 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2008.08.001

Reference

Authors

Mora JR, von Andrian UH

Title

Differentiation and homing of IgA-secreting cells.

Journal

Mucosal Immunol 1:96-109 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/mi.2007.14

Reference

Authors

Suzuki K, Ha SA, Tsuji M, Fagarasan S

Title

Intestinal IgA synthesis: a primitive form of adaptive immunity that regulates microbial communities in the gut.

Journal

Semin Immunol 19:127-35 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2006.10.001

Reference

Authors

Cerutti A

Title

The regulation of IgA class switching.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 8:421-34 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nri2322

Related
pathway

Antigen processing and presentation

T cell receptor signaling pathway

B cell receptor signaling pathway

Leukocyte transendothelial migration

KO pathway

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