Entry Name GnRH secretion - Pteropus vampyrus (large flying fox)
Description Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are key regulators of reproduction. They release GnRH into the portal circulation. In turn, GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH) to regulate gonadal functions. Gonadal steroids provide feedback to regulate GnRH release. GnRH neurons express the kisspeptin receptor, GPR 54, and kisspeptins potently stimulate the release of GnRH by depolarising and inducing sustained action potential firing in GnRH neurons. It is also demonstrated that Kisspeptin-GPR54 system positively regulates the GnRH expression with a time course consistent with activation of Akt and MAP kinase signaling pathways.
Class Organismal Systems; Endocrine systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Organism Pteropus vampyrus (large flying fox) [GN:
pvp ]
Gene 105291464 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997 ]
105293300 TRPC4; short transient receptor potential channel 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04967 ]
105294972 TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04964 ]
105295395 CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X7 [KO:K04854 ]
105295807 KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000 ]
105296286 GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615 ]
105296363 HCN3; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3 [KO:K04956 ]
105296605 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
105296608 KCNN1; small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04942 ]
105296936 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
105297298 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850 ]
105297371 KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04945 ]
105298101 CACNA1I; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856 ]
105298737 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
105299371 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649 ]
105300436 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
105300718 KCNJ9; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 3 [KO:K05002 ]
105301289 HCN1; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 [KO:K04954 ]
105302275 HCN2; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 [KO:K04955 ]
105303376 CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H [KO:K04855 ]
105304221 KCNJ11; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 [KO:K05004 ]
105304363 CACNA1D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
105306042 KCNJ5; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 isoform X2 [KO:K04999 ]
105307215 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105307575 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105308164 GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04615 ]
105308549 KCNN2; small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04943 ]
105308956 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105309056 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference Authors Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin excitation of GnRH neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Beltramo M, Dardente H, Cayla X, Caraty A
Title Cellular mechanisms and integrative timing of neuroendocrine control of GnRH secretion by kisspeptin.
Journal Reference Authors Oakley AE, Clifton DK, Steiner RA
Title Kisspeptin signaling in the brain.
Journal Reference Authors Pinilla L, Aguilar E, Dieguez C, Millar RP, Tena-Sempere M
Title Kisspeptins and reproduction: physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms.
Journal Reference Authors d'Anglemont de Tassigny X, Colledge WH
Title The role of kisspeptin signaling in reproduction.
Journal Reference Authors Tena-Sempere M
Title Kisspeptin signaling in the brain: recent developments and future challenges.
Journal Reference Authors Colledge WH
Title Kisspeptins and GnRH neuronal signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Roa J, Castellano JM, Navarro VM, Handelsman DJ, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M
Title Kisspeptins and the control of gonadotropin secretion in male and female rodents.
Journal Reference Authors Piet R, de Croft S, Liu X, Herbison AE
Title Electrical properties of kisspeptin neurons and their regulation of GnRH neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang C, Bosch MA, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin activation of TRPC4 channels in female GnRH neurons requires PIP2 depletion and cSrc kinase activation.
Journal Reference Authors Ronnekleiv OK, Bosch MA, Zhang C
Title Regulation of endogenous conductances in GnRH neurons by estrogens.
Journal Reference Authors Ronnekleiv OK, Zhang C, Bosch MA, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Excitability: Molecular Mechanisms Driven by 17beta-Estradiol.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang XB, Spergel DJ
Title Kisspeptin inhibits high-voltage activated Ca2+ channels in GnRH neurons via multiple Ca2+ influx and release pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Novaira HJ, Ng Y, Wolfe A, Radovick S
Title Kisspeptin increases GnRH mRNA expression and secretion in GnRH secreting neuronal cell lines.
Journal Reference Authors Glanowska KM, Moenter SM
Title Differential regulation of GnRH secretion in the preoptic area (POA) and the median eminence (ME) in male mice.
Journal Reference Authors Szereszewski JM, Pampillo M, Ahow MR, Offermanns S, Bhattacharya M, Babwah AV
Title GPR54 regulates ERK1/2 activity and hypothalamic gene expression in a Galpha(q/11) and beta-arrestin-dependent manner.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang C, Bosch MA, Rick EA, Kelly MJ, Ronnekleiv OK
Title 17Beta-estradiol regulation of T-type calcium channels in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Terasaka T, Otsuka F, Tsukamoto N, Nakamura E, Inagaki K, Toma K, Ogura-Ochi K, Glidewell-Kenney C, Lawson MA, Makino H
Title Mutual interaction of kisspeptin, estrogen and bone morphogenetic protein-4 activity in GnRH regulation by GT1-7 cells.
Journal Reference Authors Radovick S, Levine JE, Wolfe A
Title Estrogenic regulation of the GnRH neuron.
Journal Reference Authors Dungan HM, Clifton DK, Steiner RA
Title Minireview: kisspeptin neurons as central processors in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
Journal Reference Authors Kato M, Tanaka N, Usui S, Sakuma Y
Title The SK channel blocker apamin inhibits slow afterhyperpolarization currents in rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurones.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang C, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin inhibits a slow afterhyperpolarization current via protein kinase C and reduces spike frequency adaptation in GnRH neurons.
Journal Related KO pathway
