KEGG   PATHWAY: shr04970
Entry
shr04970                    Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion - Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil)
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
shr04970  Salivary secretion
shr04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Organism
Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil) [GN:shr]
Gene
100913337  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100913495  SLC12A2; solute carrier family 12 member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10951]
100913731  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100914130  ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100914244  ATP2B3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X3 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100915208  [KO:K13899]
100915285  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
100915426  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
100915481  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100915602  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
100915627  BST1; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2 [KO:K18152] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
100916183  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
100916387  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
100916401  SLC4A2; anion exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13855]
100916996  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04960]
100917086  [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
100917839  [KO:K13916]
100918502  [KO:K13908]
100918532  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X7 [KO:K04958]
100918545  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04945]
100918549  LPO; lactoperoxidase [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
100918637  [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100919663  [KO:K13916]
100919981  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
100920124  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
100920243  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100920429  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
100920653  LYZ; lysozyme C [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
100921140  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain isoform X1 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
100921270  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
100921801  ATP2B1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100922123  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100922193  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100922398  ATP2B4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform X3 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100922434  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100922504  KCNMA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04936]
100922938  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100923926  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100924022  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100924204  CAMP; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide isoform X1 [KO:K13916]
100925046  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
100925657  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100926025  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X2 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100926374  ATP2B2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100927103  AQP5; aquaporin-5 [KO:K09867]
100927283  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
100927417  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
100928210  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100928351  BEST2; bestrophin-2 [KO:K13879]
100928661  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
100928746  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
100928854  ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
100929015  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100929017  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K02183]
100929178  MUC5AC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mucin-5AC [KO:K13908]
100929278  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X3 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100929307  FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K01538]
100929308  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
100929360  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100929552  [KO:K13916]
100929866  [KO:K13912]
100930479  [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100930666  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632]
100931118  [KO:K13916]
100931427  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
100931456  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor isoform X2 [KO:K04135]
100932257  [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
100932634  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100933002  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
100934049  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100934183  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100934311  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100935132  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
100935134  CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
100935225  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100935351  ADRB3; beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
105749564  [KO:K13916]
105750699  [KO:K02183]
105750836  TRPV6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 [KO:K04975]
105751033  CD38; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 [KO:K01242] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
116419081  [KO:K02183]
116421895  ADRB1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
116423459  [KO:K02183]
116423460  [KO:K02183]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
shr04020  Calcium signaling pathway
shr04530  Tight junction
shr04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04970   

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