KEGG   PATHWAY: dme04140
Entry
dme04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
dme04140  Autophagy - animal
dme04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) [GN:dme]
Gene
Dmel_CG33273  Ilp5; Insulin-like peptide 5 [KO:K04526]
Dmel_CG8167  Ilp2; Insulin-like peptide 2 [KO:K04526]
Dmel_CG14173  Ilp1; Insulin-like peptide 1 [KO:K04526]
Dmel_CG14167  Ilp3; Insulin-like peptide 3 [KO:K04526]
Dmel_CG6736  Ilp4; Insulin-like peptide 4 [KO:K04526]
Dmel_CG18402  InR; Insulin-like receptor, isoform B [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
Dmel_CG5686  chico; chico, isoform B [KO:K16172]
Dmel_CG4141  Pi3K92E; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase 92E, isoform C [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
Dmel_CG2699  Pi3K21B; Pi3K21B, isoform C [KO:K02649]
Dmel_CG1210  Pdk1; Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1, isoform J [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Dmel_CG4006  Akt; Akt kinase, isoform C [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Dmel_CG5671  Pten; phosphatase and tensin homolog, isoform G [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
Dmel_CG9375  Ras85D; Ras oncogene at 85D [KO:K07827]
Dmel_CG1167  Ras64B; Ras oncogene at 64B [KO:K07830]
Dmel_CG15793  Dsor1; downstream of raf1, isoform A [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
Dmel_CG12559  rl; rolled, isoform C [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Dmel_CG45051  sima; uncharacterized protein [KO:K08268]
Dmel_CG6975  gig; gigas, isoform B [KO:K07207]
Dmel_CG6147  Tsc1; Tsc1 [KO:K07206]
Dmel_CG5059  BNIP3; BNIP3, isoform E [KO:K15464]
Dmel_CG1081  Rheb; Ras homolog enriched in brain, isoform A [KO:K07208]
Dmel_CG4320  raptor; raptor, isoform C [KO:K07204]
Dmel_CG5092  mTor; mechanistic target of rapamycin, isoform A [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Dmel_CG3004  Lst8; Lst8 [KO:K08266]
Dmel_CG10539  S6k; ribosomal protein S6 kinase, isoform B [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Dmel_CG31852  Tap42; Two A-associated protein of 42kDa [KO:K17606]
Dmel_CG7109  mts; microtubule star, isoform B [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
Dmel_CG10967  Atg1; Autophagy-related 1, isoform B [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Dmel_CG7331  Atg13; Autophagy-related 13 [KO:K08331]
Dmel_CG7053  Atg101; Autophagy-related 101 [KO:K19730]
Dmel_CG1347  Atg17; Autophagy-related 17, isoform C [KO:K17589]
Dmel_CG1241  Atg2; Autophagy-related 2, isoform B [KO:K17906]
Dmel_CG7986  Atg18a; Autophagy-related 18a, isoform D [KO:K17908]
Dmel_CG8678  Atg18b; Autophagy-related 18b, isoform B [KO:K17908]
Dmel_CG11975  CG11975; uncharacterized protein, isoform B [KO:K22991]
Dmel_CG3615  Atg9; Autophagy-related 9, isoform B [KO:K17907]
Dmel_CG17689  Spt20; Spt20, isoform C [KO:K21245]
Dmel_CG8287  Rab8; Rab8, isoform B [KO:K07901]
Dmel_CG12156  Rab39; Rab39, isoform B [KO:K07925]
Dmel_CG2615  IKKepsilon; I-kappaB kinase epsilon, isoform C [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
Dmel_CG3320  Rab1; Rab1 [KO:K07874]
Dmel_CG11968  RagA-B; Ras-related GTP binding A/B [KO:K16185]
Dmel_CG8707  RagC-D; Ras-related GTP binding C/D [KO:K16186]
Dmel_CG9374  Lkb1; Lkb1 kinase, isoform J [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Dmel_CG3051  AMPKalpha; AMP-activated protein kinase alpha subunit, isoform A [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
Dmel_CG4379  Pka-C1; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 1, isoform D [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
Dmel_CG12066  Pka-C2; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 2, isoform B [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
Dmel_CG42349  Pkcdelta; protein kinase C delta, isoform D [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
Dmel_CG5680  bsk; basket, isoform F [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Dmel_CG5429  Atg6; Autophagy-related 6 [KO:K08334]
Dmel_CG9746  Vps15; vacuolar protein sorting 15, isoform B [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Dmel_CG5373  Pi3K59F; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase 59F [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
Dmel_CG11877  Atg14; Autophagy-related 14 [KO:K17889]
Dmel_CG10961  Traf6; TNF-receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
Dmel_CG11347  TP53INP; tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein, isoform E [KO:K21247]
Dmel_CG32675  Tango5; transport and golgi organization 5, isoform D [KO:K21248]
Dmel_CG7452  Syx17; syntaxin 17, isoform B [KO:K08491]
Dmel_CG6116  Uvrag; UV-resistance associated gene, isoform A [KO:K21249]
Dmel_CG9834  EndoB; endophilin B, isoform C [KO:K11248]
Dmel_CG12772  Rubicon; rubicon, isoform B [KO:K19330]
Dmel_CG17698  CG17698; uncharacterized protein, isoform A [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
Dmel_CG18492  Tak1; TGF-beta activated kinase 1, isoform A [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
Dmel_CG4803  Takl2; Tak1-like 2 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
Dmel_CG31421  Takl1; Tak1-like 1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
Dmel_CG4583  Ire1; Inositol-requiring enzyme-1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
Dmel_CG1063  Itpr; inositol 1,4,5,-trisphosphate receptor, isoform B [KO:K04958]
Dmel_CG12223  Dsp1; dorsal switch protein 1, isoform E [KO:K10802]
Dmel_CG2087  PEK; pancreatic eIF-2alpha kinase, isoform A [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Dmel_CG1609  Gcn2; Gcn2, isoform B [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Dmel_CG9946  eIF2alpha; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha, isoform B [KO:K03237]
Dmel_CG3632  CG3632; uncharacterized protein, isoform E [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
Dmel_CG6542  EDTP; Egg-derived tyrosine phosphatase, isoform A [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
Dmel_CG10861  Atg12; Autophagy-related 12 [KO:K08336]
Dmel_CG1643  Atg5; Autophagy-related 5 [KO:K08339]
Dmel_CG31033  Atg16; Autophagy-related 16, isoform F [KO:K17890]
Dmel_CG5489  Atg7; Autophagy-related 7, isoform A [KO:K08337]
Dmel_CG12821  Atg10; Autophagy-related 10, isoform B [KO:K17888]
Dmel_CG6877  Atg3; Autophagy-related 3 [KO:K08343]
Dmel_CG12334  Atg8b; Autophagy-related 8b, isoform B [KO:K08341]
Dmel_CG32672  Atg8a; Autophagy-related 8a, isoform B [KO:K08341]
Dmel_CG4428  Atg4a; Autophagy-related 4a, isoform B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
Dmel_CG6194  Atg4b; Autophagy-related 4b [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
Dmel_CG14001  bchs; blue cheese [KO:K22262]
Dmel_CG2960  RpL40; ribosomal protein L40, isoform B [KO:K02927]
Dmel_CG5271  RpS27A; ribosomal protein S27A [KO:K02977]
Dmel_CG32744  Ubi-p5E; Ubiquitin-5E, isoform B [KO:K08770]
Dmel_CG11700  CG11700; uncharacterized protein [KO:K08770]
Dmel_CG11624  Ubi-p63E; Ubiquitin-63E, isoform D [KO:K08770]
Dmel_CG11173  Snap29; Synaptosomal-associated protein 29kDa [KO:K08509]
Dmel_CG1515  Ykt6; YKT6 v-SNARE [KO:K08516]
Dmel_CG5081  Syx7; syntaxin 7, isoform A [KO:K08488]
Dmel_CG14299  Epg5; ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5, isoform C [KO:K23883]
Dmel_CG6613  Plekhm1; pleckstrin homology and RUN domain containing M1 [KO:K23282]
Dmel_CG32350  Vps11; vacuolar protein sorting 11 [KO:K20179]
Dmel_CG8454  Vps16A; vacuolar protein sorting 16A [KO:K20180]
Dmel_CG3093  dor; deep orange [KO:K20181]
Dmel_CG12230  car; carnation, isoform A [KO:K20182]
Dmel_CG7146  Vps39; vacuolar protein sorting 39 [KO:K20183]
Dmel_CG18028  lt; light, isoform F [KO:K20184]
Dmel_CG6303  Bruce; BIR repeat containing ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, isoform B [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
Dmel_CG7809  Grasp65 [KO:K26797]
Dmel_CG5915  Rab7; Rab7, isoform B [KO:K07897]
Dmel_CG3305  Lamp1; Lamp1 [KO:K06528]
Dmel_CG1548  cathD; cathepsin D, isoform B [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG5863  CG5863; uncharacterized protein [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG6508  CG6508; uncharacterized protein [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG10104  CG10104; uncharacterized protein [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG17283  CG17283; uncharacterized protein [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG31661  CG31661; uncharacterized protein [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG31926  CG31926; uncharacterized protein, isoform B [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG31928  CG31928; uncharacterized protein, isoform B [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG33128  CG33128; uncharacterized protein [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG5860  CG5860; uncharacterized protein [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG13095  Bace; beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme, isoform B [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG17134  CG17134; uncharacterized protein [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Dmel_CG11459  CtsL3; cathepsin L3, isoform B [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
Dmel_CG6692  CtsL1; cathepsin L1, isoform C [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
Dmel_CG10992  CtsB; cathepsin B, isoform C [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
dme04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
dme04142  Lysosome
dme04150  mTOR signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
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