PATHWAY: ko00010 Help
Entry
Name
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Description
Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabolites: six-carbon compounds of glucose-6P and fructose-6P and three-carbon compounds of glycerone-P, glyceraldehyde-3P, glycerate-3P, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate [MD:
M00001 ]. Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:
M00307 ]. When the enzyme genes of this pathway are examined in completely sequenced genomes, the reaction steps of three-carbon compounds from glycerone-P to pyruvate form a conserved core module [MD:
M00002 ], which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. Gluconeogenesis is a synthesis pathway of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It is essentially a reversal of glycolysis with minor variations of alternative paths [MD:
M00003 ].
Class
Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
ko00010 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Ortholog table
Module
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ko00010 ]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ko00010 ]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ko00010 ]
Other DBs
Orthology
K16306 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase / 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate synthase [EC:4.1.2.13 2.2.1.10 ]
K00134 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating) [EC:1.2.1.12 ]
K10705 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating), spermatogenic [EC:1.2.1.12 ]
K00150 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating) [EC:1.2.1.59 ]
K01834 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.11 ]
K15634 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.11 ]
K15633 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.12 ]
K15635 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.12 ]
K00161 pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha [EC:1.2.4.1 ]
K00162 pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta [EC:1.2.4.1 ]
K00627 pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 component (dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase) [EC:2.3.1.12 ]
K00169 pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase alpha subunit [EC:1.2.7.1 ]
K00170 pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase beta subunit [EC:1.2.7.1 ]
K00172 pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase gamma subunit [EC:1.2.7.1 ]
K00171 pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase delta subunit [EC:1.2.7.1 ]
K03737 pyruvate-ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.2.7.1 1.2.7.-]
K14028 methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) subunit 1 [EC:1.1.2.7 ]
K14029 methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) subunit 2 [EC:1.1.2.7 ]
K22473 alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone), dehydrogenase subunit [EC:1.1.5.5 ]
K22474 alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone), cytochrome c subunit [EC:1.1.5.5 ]
K00138 aldehyde dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.-]
K03103 multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase / 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate 3-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.62 3.1.3.80 ]
K11389 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) [EC:1.2.7.6 ]
K00131 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.2.1.9 ]
K18978 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] [EC:1.2.1.90 ]
K02777 sugar PTS system EIIA component [EC:2.7.1.-]
K02753 beta-glucoside (arbutin/salicin/cellobiose) PTS system EIICB component [EC:2.7.1.-]
Compound
C00118 D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C00236 3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate
C00354 D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
C00668 alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C01159 2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate
C01172 beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C05125 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate
C15972 Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine
C15973 Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine
C16255 [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine
Reference
Authors
Nishizuka Y (ed).
Title
[Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1980)
Reference
Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
Authors
Michal G.
Title
Biochemical Pathways
Journal
Wiley (1999)
Related pathway
ko00500 Starch and sucrose metabolism
ko00710 Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms
LinkDB
All DBs