PATHWAY: ko00030 Help
Entry Name Pentose phosphate pathway
Description The pentose phosphate pathway is a process of glucose turnover that produces NADPH as reducing equivalents and pentoses as essential parts of nucleotides. There are two different phases in the pathway. One is irreversible oxidative phase in which glucose-6P is converted to ribulose-5P by oxidative decarboxylation, and NADPH is generated [MD:
M00006 ]. The other is reversible non-oxidative phase in which phosphorylated sugars are interconverted to generate xylulose-5P, ribulose-5P, and ribose-5P [MD:
M00007 ]. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) formed from ribose-5P [MD:
M00005 ] is an activated compound used in the biosynthesis of histidine and purine/pyrimidine nucleotides. This pathway map also shows the Entner-Doudoroff pathway where 6-P-gluconate is dehydrated and then cleaved into pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3P [MD:
M00008 ].
Class Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolismBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Module M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ko00030 ]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ko00030 ]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ko00030 ]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:ko00030 ]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:ko00030 ]
M00308 Semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate => glycerate-3P [PATH:ko00030 ]
M00309 Non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate [PATH:ko00030 ]
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:ko00030 ]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ko00030 ]
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:ko00030 ]
M00633 Semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:ko00030 ]
M00968 Pentose bisphosphate pathway (nucleoside degradation), archaea, nucleoside/NMP => 3-PGA/glycerone phosphate [PATH:ko00030 ]
Other DBs Orthology K00131 gapN; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.2.1.9 ]
K00948 PRPS, prsA; ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase [EC:2.7.6.1 ]
K01624 FBA, fbaA; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class II [EC:4.1.2.13 ]
K01625 eda; 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase / (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.14 4.1.3.42 ]
K06151 E1.1.99.3A; gluconate 2-dehydrogenase alpha chain [EC:1.1.99.3 ]
K06152 E1.1.99.3G; gluconate 2-dehydrogenase gamma chain [EC:1.1.99.3 ]
K06859 pgi1; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, archaeal [EC:5.3.1.9 ]
K11395 kdpgA; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate/2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.55 ]
K17463 dgaF; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.14 ]
K17466 dgaC; D-glucosaminate PTS system EIIC component
K17467 dgaD; D-glucosaminate PTS system EIID component
K18021 cutB; glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase medium subunit [EC:1.2.99.8 ]
K18124 gdh2, gdhA; glucose/galactose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.360 ]
K18126 sskdgK; 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconokinase / 2-dehydro-3-deoxygalactonokinase [EC:2.7.1.178 ]
K18978 gapN; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] [EC:1.2.1.90 ]
K19243 azf; NAD+ dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.388 ]
K21056 E2.7.1.212; alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate 5-kinase (ADP) [EC:2.7.1.212 ]
K21071 pfk, pfp; ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase / diphosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase [EC:2.7.1.11 2.7.1.90 ]
K22969 gdh; glucose 1-dehydrogenase
K24182 PFK9; 6-phosphofructokinase
K26208 E2.7.1.239; alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate 5-kinase (ATP)
Compound C00118 D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C00119 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate
C00204 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate
C00279 D-Erythrose 4-phosphate
C00354 D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
C00620 alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate
C00668 alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C00672 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C00673 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate
C01151 D-Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate
C01172 beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C01182 D-Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate
C01218 6-Phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate
C01236 D-Glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate
C03752 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate
C04442 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate
C05382 Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate
C06019 D-arabino-Hex-3-ulose 6-phosphate
C20589 D-Glucosaminate-6-phosphate
Reference Authors Nishizuka Y (ed).
Title [Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
Journal Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1980)
Reference Authors Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
Title [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
Journal Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference Authors Michal G.
Title Biochemical Pathways
Journal Wiley (1999)
Reference Authors Hove-Jensen B, Rosenkrantz TJ, Haldimann A, Wanner BL.
Title Escherichia coli phnN, encoding ribose 1,5-bisphosphokinase activity (phosphoribosyl diphosphate forming): dual role in phosphonate degradation and NAD biosynthesis pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Orita I, Sato T, Yurimoto H, Kato N, Atomi H, Imanaka T, Sakai Y
Title The ribulose monophosphate pathway substitutes for the missing pentose phosphate pathway in the archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis.
Journal Reference Authors Kato N, Yurimoto H, Thauer RK
Title The physiological role of the ribulose monophosphate pathway in bacteria and archaea.
Journal Reference Authors Kouril T, Wieloch P, Reimann J, Wagner M, Zaparty M, Albers SV, Schomburg D, Ruoff P, Siebers B
Title Unraveling the function of the two Entner-Doudoroff branches in the thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2.
Journal Reference Authors Reher M, Schonheit P
Title Glyceraldehyde dehydrogenases from the thermoacidophilic euryarchaeota Picrophilus torridus and Thermoplasma acidophilum, key enzymes of the non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, constitute a novel enzyme family within the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily.
Journal Reference Authors Reher M, Fuhrer T, Bott M, Schonheit P
Title The nonphosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway in the thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon Picrophilus torridus involves a novel 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate- specific aldolase.
Journal Related ko00010 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
ko00040 Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
ko00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
