KEGG   PATHWAY: ko00053
Entry
ko00053                     Pathway                                
Name
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
Class
Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism
Pathway map
ko00053  Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
ko00053

Module
M00114  Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:ko00053]
M00129  Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:ko00053]
M00550  Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:ko00053]
M00994  UDP-GlcA biosynthesis, myo-inositol => GlcA => UDP-GlcA [PATH:ko00053]
M00999  UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:ko00053]
Other DBs
GO: 0019852 0019577 0019572
Orthology
K00002  AKR1A1, adh; alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.2]
K00012  UGDH, ugd; UDPglucose 6-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.22]
K00062  ARA2; D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.116]
K00063  ARA1; D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.117]
K00064  E1.1.1.122; D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.122]
K00103  GULO; L-gulonolactone oxidase [EC:1.1.3.8]
K00107  ALO; D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase [EC:1.1.3.37]
K00128  ALDH; aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) [EC:1.2.1.3]
K00149  ALDH9A1; aldehyde dehydrogenase family 9 member A1 [EC:1.2.1.47 1.2.1.3]
K00225  GLDH; L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.2.3]
K00423  E1.10.3.3; L-ascorbate oxidase [EC:1.10.3.3]
K00434  E1.11.1.11; L-ascorbate peroxidase [EC:1.11.1.11]
K00469  MIOX; inositol oxygenase [EC:1.13.99.1]
K00699  UGT; glucuronosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.17]
K00880  lyxK; L-xylulokinase [EC:2.7.1.53]
K01053  gnl, RGN; gluconolactonase [EC:3.1.1.17]
K01195  uidA, GUSB; beta-glucuronidase [EC:3.2.1.31]
K01630  garL; 2-dehydro-3-deoxyglucarate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.20]
K01683  araD; D-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.5]
K01706  gudD; glucarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.40]
K01707  kdgD; 5-dehydro-4-deoxyglucarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.41]
K01708  garD; galactarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.42]
K02821  ulaC, sgaA; ascorbate PTS system EIIA or EIIAB component [EC:2.7.1.194]
K02822  ulaB, sgaB; ascorbate PTS system EIIB component [EC:2.7.1.194]
K03077  araD, ulaF, sgaE, sgbE; L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.4]
K03078  ulaD, sgaH, sgbH; 3-dehydro-L-gulonate-6-phosphate decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.85]
K03079  ulaE, sgaU, sgbU; L-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.22]
K03475  ulaA, sgaT; ascorbate PTS system EIIC component
K03476  ulaG; L-ascorbate 6-phosphate lactonase [EC:3.1.1.-]
K08092  dlgD; 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.130]
K08232  E1.6.5.4; monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH) [EC:1.6.5.4]
K08679  GAE, cap1J; UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.6]
K10046  GME; GDP-D-mannose 3', 5'-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.18 5.1.3.-]
K10047  VTC4; inositol-phosphate phosphatase / L-galactose 1-phosphate phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.25 3.1.3.93]
K12447  USP; UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase [EC:2.7.7.64]
K13873  araA; L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.376]
K13874  araB; L-arabinonolactonase [EC:3.1.1.15]
K13875  araC; L-arabonate dehydrase [EC:4.2.1.25]
K13876  araD; 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.43]
K13877  aldH; 2,5-dioxopentanoate dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.26]
K14085  ALDH7A1; aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1 [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
K14190  VTC2_5; GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase [EC:2.7.7.69]
K14259  kdaD, xacE, kdxD; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.141]
K14756  KL; klotho [EC:3.2.1.31]
K16190  GLCAK; glucuronokinase [EC:2.7.1.43]
K17744  GalDH; L-galactose dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.316]
K18649  IMPL2; inositol-phosphate phosphatase / L-galactose 1-phosphate phosphatase / histidinol-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.25 3.1.3.93 3.1.3.15]
K18981  udh; uronate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.203]
K18982  gli; D-galactarolactone isomerase [EC:5.4.1.4]
K18983  gci; D-galactarolactone cycloisomerase [EC:5.5.1.27]
K19588  dopDH; 2,5-dioxopentanoate dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.26]
K19590  araDH; D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.427]
K19642  GALUR; D-galacturonate reductase [EC:1.1.1.365]
K19660  araDH; L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] [EC:1.1.1.376]
K20023  talrD-galrD; L-talarate/galactarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.156 4.2.1.42]
K21888  DHAR; glutathione dehydrogenase/transferase [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18]
K23003  lgaA; L-galactose dehydrogenase
K23004  lgaB; L-galactono-1,5-lactonase
K23005  lgaC; L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase
K23007  lgoD; L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase
K24443  xacC; D-xylono/L-arabinono-1,4-lactonase
K25260  lxyD; L-lyxonate dehydratase
K28472  HSD17B14; D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase
Compound
C00022  Pyruvate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00029  UDP-glucose
C00072  Ascorbate
C00096  GDP-mannose
C00137  myo-Inositol
C00167  UDP-glucuronate
C00191  D-Glucuronate
C00216  D-Arabinose
C00231  D-Xylulose 5-phosphate
C00259  L-Arabinose
C00333  D-Galacturonate
C00433  2,5-Dioxopentanoate
C00545  L-Arabinonate
C00558  D-Tagaturonate
C00617  UDP-D-galacturonate
C00618  3-Dehydro-L-gulonate
C00652  D-Arabinono-1,4-lactone
C00679  5-Dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate
C00684  2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate
C00800  L-Gulonate
C00818  D-Glucarate
C00878  D-Arabinonate
C00879  D-Galactarate
C01040  L-Gulono-1,4-lactone
C01041  Monodehydroascorbate
C01101  L-Ribulose 5-phosphate
C01114  L-Arabinono-1,4-lactone
C01115  L-Galactono-1,4-lactone
C01146  2-Hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate
C01620  Threonate
C01825  L-Galactose
C02280  GDP-L-galactose
C02670  D-Glucuronolactone
C03033  beta-D-Glucuronoside
C03064  3-Dehydro-L-threonate
C03289  L-xylo-Hexulonolactone
C03291  L-Xylulose 5-phosphate
C03826  2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-xylonate
C03921  2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate
C04037  1-Phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate
C04575  (4R,5S)-4,5,6-Trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate
C05385  D-Glucuronate 1-phosphate
C05411  L-Xylonate
C05412  L-Lyxonate
C05422  Dehydroascorbate
C06316  Dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone
C14899  3-Dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate
C15923  L-Gulose
C15924  L-Gulose 1-phosphate
C15925  GDP-L-gulose
C15926  beta-L-Galactose 1-phosphate
C15930  L-Galactonate
C16186  L-Ascorbate 6-phosphate
C20889  D-Galactaro-1,5-lactone
C20896  D-Galactaro-1,4-lactone
C21955  L-Galactono-1,5-lactone
Reference
PMID:17222174
  Authors
Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E
  Title
Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals.
  Journal
FEBS J 274:1-22 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x
Reference
PMID:15564123
  Authors
Valpuesta V, Botella MA.
  Title
Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant.
  Journal
Trends Plant Sci 9:573-7 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.002
Reference
PMID:10517845
  Authors
Davey MW, Gilot C, Persiau G, Ostergaard J, Han Y, Bauw GC, Van Montagu MC.
  Title
Ascorbate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis cell suspension culture.
  Journal
Plant Physiol 121:535-43 (1999)
DOI:10.1104/pp.121.2.535
Reference
PMID:16595667
  Authors
Conklin PL, Gatzek S, Wheeler GL, Dowdle J, Raymond MJ, Rolinski S, Isupov M, Littlechild JA, Smirnoff N.
  Title
Arabidopsis thaliana VTC4 encodes L-galactose-1-P phosphatase, a plant ascorbic acid biosynthetic enzyme.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 281:15662-70 (2006)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M601409200
Reference
PMID:17462988
  Authors
Linster CL, Gomez TA, Christensen KC, Adler LN, Young BD, Brenner C, Clarke SG.
  Title
Arabidopsis VTC2 Encodes a GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase, the Last Unknown Enzyme in the Smirnoff-Wheeler Pathway to Ascorbic Acid in Plants.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:18879-85 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M702094200
Reference
PMID:14996803
  Authors
Campos E, Baldoma L, Aguilar J, Badia J.
  Title
Regulation of expression of the divergent ulaG and ulaABCDEF operons involved in LaAscorbate dissimilation in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 186:1720-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/JB.186.6.1720-1728.2004
Reference
PMID:12644495
  Authors
Zhang Z, Aboulwafa M, Smith MH, Saier MH Jr.
  Title
The ascorbate transporter of Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2243-50 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2243-2250.2003
Related
pathway
ko00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
ko00040  Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
ko00051  Fructose and mannose metabolism
ko00520  Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
ko00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism

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