KEGG   PATHWAY: ko00053
Entry
ko00053                     Pathway                                
Name
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
Class
Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism
Pathway map
ko00053  Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
ko00053

Module
M00114  Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:ko00053]
M00129  Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:ko00053]
M00550  Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:ko00053]
M00994  UDP-GlcA biosynthesis, myo-inositol => GlcA => UDP-GlcA [PATH:ko00053]
M00999  UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:ko00053]
Other DBs
GO: 0019852 0019577 0019572
Orthology
K00002  AKR1A1, adh; alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.2]
K00012  UGDH, ugd; UDPglucose 6-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.22]
K00062  ARA2; D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.116]
K00063  ARA1; D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.117]
K00064  E1.1.1.122; D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.122]
K00103  GULO; L-gulonolactone oxidase [EC:1.1.3.8]
K00107  ALO; D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase [EC:1.1.3.37]
K00128  ALDH; aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) [EC:1.2.1.3]
K00149  ALDH9A1; aldehyde dehydrogenase family 9 member A1 [EC:1.2.1.47 1.2.1.3]
K00225  GLDH; L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.2.3]
K00423  E1.10.3.3; L-ascorbate oxidase [EC:1.10.3.3]
K00434  E1.11.1.11; L-ascorbate peroxidase [EC:1.11.1.11]
K00469  MIOX; inositol oxygenase [EC:1.13.99.1]
K00699  UGT; glucuronosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.17]
K00880  lyxK; L-xylulokinase [EC:2.7.1.53]
K01053  gnl, RGN; gluconolactonase [EC:3.1.1.17]
K01195  uidA, GUSB; beta-glucuronidase [EC:3.2.1.31]
K01630  garL; 2-dehydro-3-deoxyglucarate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.20]
K01683  araD; D-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.5]
K01706  gudD; glucarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.40]
K01707  kdgD; 5-dehydro-4-deoxyglucarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.41]
K01708  garD; galactarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.42]
K02821  ulaC, sgaA; ascorbate PTS system EIIA or EIIAB component [EC:2.7.1.194]
K02822  ulaB, sgaB; ascorbate PTS system EIIB component [EC:2.7.1.194]
K03077  araD, ulaF, sgaE, sgbE; L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.4]
K03078  ulaD, sgaH, sgbH; 3-dehydro-L-gulonate-6-phosphate decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.85]
K03079  ulaE, sgaU, sgbU; L-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.22]
K03475  ulaA, sgaT; ascorbate PTS system EIIC component
K03476  ulaG; L-ascorbate 6-phosphate lactonase [EC:3.1.1.-]
K08092  dlgD; 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.130]
K08232  E1.6.5.4; monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH) [EC:1.6.5.4]
K08679  GAE, cap1J; UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.6]
K10046  GME; GDP-D-mannose 3', 5'-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.18 5.1.3.-]
K10047  VTC4; inositol-phosphate phosphatase / L-galactose 1-phosphate phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.25 3.1.3.93]
K12447  USP; UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase [EC:2.7.7.64]
K13873  araA; L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.376]
K13874  araB; L-arabinonolactonase [EC:3.1.1.15]
K13875  araC; L-arabonate dehydrase [EC:4.2.1.25]
K13876  araD; 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.43]
K13877  aldH; 2,5-dioxopentanoate dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.26]
K14085  ALDH7A1; aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1 [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
K14190  VTC2_5; GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase [EC:2.7.7.69]
K14259  kdaD, xacE, kdxD; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.141]
K14756  KL; klotho [EC:3.2.1.31]
K16190  GLCAK; glucuronokinase [EC:2.7.1.43]
K17744  GalDH; L-galactose dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.316]
K18649  IMPL2; inositol-phosphate phosphatase / L-galactose 1-phosphate phosphatase / histidinol-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.25 3.1.3.93 3.1.3.15]
K18981  udh; uronate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.203]
K18982  gli; D-galactarolactone isomerase [EC:5.4.1.4]
K18983  gci; D-galactarolactone cycloisomerase [EC:5.5.1.27]
K19588  dopDH; 2,5-dioxopentanoate dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.26]
K19590  araDH; D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.427]
K19642  GALUR; D-galacturonate reductase [EC:1.1.1.365]
K19660  araDH; L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] [EC:1.1.1.376]
K20023  talrD-galrD; L-talarate/galactarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.156 4.2.1.42]
K21888  DHAR; glutathione dehydrogenase/transferase [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18]
K23003  lgaA; L-galactose dehydrogenase
K23004  lgaB; L-galactono-1,5-lactonase
K23005  lgaC; L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase
K23007  lgoD; L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase
K24443  xacC; D-xylono/L-arabinono-1,4-lactonase
K25260  lxyD; L-lyxonate dehydratase
Compound
C00022  Pyruvate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00029  UDP-glucose
C00072  Ascorbate
C00096  GDP-mannose
C00137  myo-Inositol
C00167  UDP-glucuronate
C00191  D-Glucuronate
C00216  D-Arabinose
C00231  D-Xylulose 5-phosphate
C00259  L-Arabinose
C00333  D-Galacturonate
C00433  2,5-Dioxopentanoate
C00545  L-Arabinonate
C00558  D-Tagaturonate
C00617  UDP-D-galacturonate
C00618  3-Dehydro-L-gulonate
C00652  D-Arabinono-1,4-lactone
C00679  5-Dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate
C00684  2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate
C00800  L-Gulonate
C00818  D-Glucarate
C00878  D-Arabinonate
C00879  D-Galactarate
C01040  L-Gulono-1,4-lactone
C01041  Monodehydroascorbate
C01101  L-Ribulose 5-phosphate
C01114  L-Arabinono-1,4-lactone
C01115  L-Galactono-1,4-lactone
C01146  2-Hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate
C01620  Threonate
C01825  L-Galactose
C02280  GDP-L-galactose
C02670  D-Glucuronolactone
C03033  beta-D-Glucuronoside
C03064  3-Dehydro-L-threonate
C03289  L-xylo-Hexulonolactone
C03291  L-Xylulose 5-phosphate
C03826  2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-xylonate
C03921  2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate
C04037  1-Phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate
C04575  (4R,5S)-4,5,6-Trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate
C05385  D-Glucuronate 1-phosphate
C05411  L-Xylonate
C05412  L-Lyxonate
C05422  Dehydroascorbate
C06316  Dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone
C14899  3-Dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate
C15923  L-Gulose
C15924  L-Gulose 1-phosphate
C15925  GDP-L-gulose
C15926  beta-L-Galactose 1-phosphate
C15930  L-Galactonate
C16186  L-Ascorbate 6-phosphate
C20889  D-Galactaro-1,5-lactone
C20896  D-Galactaro-1,4-lactone
C21955  L-Galactono-1,5-lactone
Reference
PMID:17222174
  Authors
Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E
  Title
Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals.
  Journal
FEBS J 274:1-22 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x
Reference
PMID:15564123
  Authors
Valpuesta V, Botella MA.
  Title
Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant.
  Journal
Trends Plant Sci 9:573-7 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.002
Reference
PMID:10517845
  Authors
Davey MW, Gilot C, Persiau G, Ostergaard J, Han Y, Bauw GC, Van Montagu MC.
  Title
Ascorbate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis cell suspension culture.
  Journal
Plant Physiol 121:535-43 (1999)
DOI:10.1104/pp.121.2.535
Reference
PMID:16595667
  Authors
Conklin PL, Gatzek S, Wheeler GL, Dowdle J, Raymond MJ, Rolinski S, Isupov M, Littlechild JA, Smirnoff N.
  Title
Arabidopsis thaliana VTC4 encodes L-galactose-1-P phosphatase, a plant ascorbic acid biosynthetic enzyme.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 281:15662-70 (2006)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M601409200
Reference
PMID:17462988
  Authors
Linster CL, Gomez TA, Christensen KC, Adler LN, Young BD, Brenner C, Clarke SG.
  Title
Arabidopsis VTC2 Encodes a GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase, the Last Unknown Enzyme in the Smirnoff-Wheeler Pathway to Ascorbic Acid in Plants.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:18879-85 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M702094200
Reference
PMID:14996803
  Authors
Campos E, Baldoma L, Aguilar J, Badia J.
  Title
Regulation of expression of the divergent ulaG and ulaABCDEF operons involved in LaAscorbate dissimilation in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 186:1720-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/JB.186.6.1720-1728.2004
Reference
PMID:12644495
  Authors
Zhang Z, Aboulwafa M, Smith MH, Saier MH Jr.
  Title
The ascorbate transporter of Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2243-50 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2243-2250.2003
Related
pathway
ko00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
ko00040  Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
ko00051  Fructose and mannose metabolism
ko00520  Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
ko00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism

DBGET integrated database retrieval system