KEGG   PATHWAY: mlx04260
Entry
mlx04260                    Pathway                                
Name
Cardiac muscle contraction - Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal)
Description
Contraction of the heart is a complex process initiated by the electrical excitation of cardiac myocytes (excitation-contraction coupling, ECC). In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ influx induced by activation of voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels (DHP receptors) upon membrane depolarization triggers the release of Ca2+ via Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through a Ca2+ -induced Ca release (CICR) mechanism. Ca2+ ions released via the CICR mechanism diffuse through the cytosolic space to contractile proteins to bind to troponinC resulting in the release of inhibition induced by troponinI. The Ca2+ binding to troponinC thereby triggers the sliding of thin and thick filaments, that is, the activation of a crossbridge and subsequent cardiac force development and/or cell shortening. Recovery occurs as Ca2+ is pumped out of the cell by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) or is returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pumps on the non-junctional region of the SR.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
Pathway map
mlx04260  Cardiac muscle contraction
mlx04260

Other DBs
GO: 0060048
Organism
Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal) [GN:mlx]
Gene
117997873  CACNG7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872]
117997876  CACNG6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04871]
117997899  TNNI3; troponin I, cardiac muscle [KO:K12044]
117997912  [KO:K02267]
117997950  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
117997994  CACNG8; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873]
117998202  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
117998506  [KO:K02273]
117998511  CACNG2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867]
117998533  [KO:K02272]
117999107  CACNG3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868]
117999153  [KO:K00415]
117999554  [KO:K02266]
117999657  ATP2A1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118000178  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
118000481  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
118000486  CASQ2; calsequestrin-2 [KO:K23445]
118000678  TRDN; triadin [KO:K23449]
118001264  [KO:K02267]
118001468  [KO:K02270]
118001502  [KO:K02263]
118002666  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
118002938  [KO:K02266]
118003004  [KO:K01540]
118003073  [KO:K02267]
118003100  [KO:K02264]
118003185  ACTC1; actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 [KO:K12314]
118003495  [KO:K17751]
118004404  [KO:K09290]
118004626  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
118004992  CACNA2D2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04859]
118005048  [KO:K00414]
118005172  MYL3; myosin light chain 3 [KO:K12749]
118005417  [KO:K02268]
118005742  CACNA2D3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860]
118005799  TNNC1; troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles [KO:K05865]
118006000  [KO:K00420]
118006002  TPM4; tropomyosin alpha-4 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10375]
118006050  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
118007805  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
118007814  [KO:K02270]
118008215  [KO:K02265]
118008635  [KO:K02270]
118008900  CACNB3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04864]
118008962  [KO:K00417]
118008972  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
118009132  [KO:K00417]
118009546  SLC9A7; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 7 isoform X1 [KO:K12041]
118009813  [KO:K02265]
118009891  [KO:K02272]
118010248  [KO:K02271]
118010255  [KO:K02273]
118011354  [KO:K02263]
118012351  [KO:K02267]
118012447  CACNB4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 [KO:K04865]
118012453  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
118012943  RYR2; ryanodine receptor 2 [KO:K04962]
118013136  [KO:K02272]
118013274  FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538]
118013314  SLC9A6; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6 isoform X1 [KO:K12041]
118013841  TPM3; tropomyosin alpha-3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K09290]
118013976  ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
118013977  [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
118014217  TNNT2; troponin T, cardiac muscle isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
118014221  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857]
118014377  [KO:K02272]
118014510  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
118014721  [KO:K00417]
118014859  ASPH; aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase isoform X1 [KO:K00476] [EC:1.14.11.16]
118015043  [KO:K00417]
118015299  [KO:K00413]
118015405  [KO:K02271]
118015981  [KO:K02273]
118016628  [KO:K00418]
118016969  [KO:K02272]
118017970  TPM2; tropomyosin beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K10374]
118018451  ATP2A2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118018471  MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K10351]
118018546  [KO:K02266]
118018636  [KO:K00419]
118019464  [KO:K00416]
118019822  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
118020687  CACNA2D1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04858]
118021523  CACNB2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863]
118022759  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
118022877  [KO:K02267]
118022879  [KO:K02270]
118023493  [KO:K02263]
118023545  [KO:K02273]
118024349  CACNG4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869]
118024350  CACNG1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866]
118024455  CACNG5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870]
118024835  CACNB1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862]
118025026  [KO:K02268]
118025163  ATP2A3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118025806  CACNA2D4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861]
118025809  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
118025936  [KO:K02273]
118026049  [KO:K02271]
118027183  MYL4; myosin light chain 4 [KO:K12750]
4355866  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
4355867  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
4355868  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
4355869  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00238  Potassium cation
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:17988210
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 70:23-49 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455
Reference
PMID:11805843
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
  Journal
Nature 415:198-205 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415198a
Reference
PMID:16799263
  Authors
Endoh M
  Title
Signal transduction and Ca2+ signaling in intact myocardium.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:525-37 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CPJ06009X
Reference
PMID:18981594
  Authors
Endoh M
  Title
Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.
  Journal
Circ J 72:1915-25 (2008)
DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-08-0838
Reference
PMID:16552170
  Authors
Bers DM, Despa S
  Title
Cardiac myocytes Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in normal and failing hearts.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:315-22 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CPJ06001X
Reference
PMID:10747208
  Authors
Gordon AM, Homsher E, Regnier M
  Title
Regulation of contraction in striated muscle.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 80:853-924 (2000)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.2.853
Reference
PMID:16701909
  Authors
Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N
  Title
Roles of cardiac ryanodine receptor in heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
  Journal
Int J Cardiol 112:142-52 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.11.106
Reference
PMID:16096350
  Authors
Lacinova L
  Title
Voltage-dependent calcium channels.
  Journal
Gen Physiol Biophys 24 Suppl 1:1-78 (2005)
Reference
PMID:12763850
  Authors
Lingrel J, Moseley A, Dostanic I, Cougnon M, He S, James P, Woo A, O'Connor K, Neumann J
  Title
Functional roles of the alpha isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 986:354-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07214.x
Reference
PMID:11294886
  Authors
Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE
  Title
A millennial myosin census.
  Journal
Mol Biol Cell 12:780-94 (2001)
DOI:10.1091/mbc.12.4.780
Reference
PMID:15736582
  Authors
Parmacek MS, Solaro RJ
  Title
Biology of the troponin complex in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 47:159-76 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2004.07.003
Reference
PMID:14659803
  Authors
Yamashita H, Sugiura S, Fujita H, Yasuda S, Nagai R, Saeki Y, Sunagawa K, Sugi H
  Title
Myosin light chain isoforms modify force-generating ability of cardiac myosin by changing the kinetics of actin-myosin interaction.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 60:580-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.09.011
Reference
PMID:19403607
  Authors
Pritchard TJ, Kranias EG
  Title
Junctin and the histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein: potential roles in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis.
  Journal
J Physiol 587:3125-33 (2009)
DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.172171
Reference
PMID:28596175
  Authors
Landstrom AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT
  Title
Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
  Journal
Circ Res 120:1969-1993 (2017)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310083
Related
pathway
mlx04020  Calcium signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04260   

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