Entry Name Glutamatergic synapse - Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter)
Description Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter) [GN:
elk ]
Gene 111157806 sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207 ]
111144797 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
111154144 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
111154566 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
111160608 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 [KO:K15009 ]
111157633 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 [KO:K15009 ]
111141589 leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K26472 ]
111148061 short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964 ]
111153498 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
111144005 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
111159979 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
111141614 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas [KO:K04632 ]
111155312 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
111143783 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
111143343 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
111157367 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534 ]
111154601 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
111145586 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04537 ]
111159773 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
111159618 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07826 ]
111149566 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
111160502 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
111143000 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
111161718 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
111160835 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
111145828 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
111147333 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
111142967 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
111156207 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
111147281 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
111151818 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
111143157 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997 ]
111162543 voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
111159674 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
111143738 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
111144143 sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K13576 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Niswender CM, Conn PJ
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
Title Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
Journal Reference Authors Hermans E, Challiss RA
Title Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
Title Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Journal Reference Authors Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
Title Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Gass JT, Olive MF
Title Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Journal Reference Authors Palmada M, Centelles JJ
Title Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
Journal Reference Authors Schoepp DD
Title Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
Journal J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference Authors de Jong AP, Verhage M
Title Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
Journal Reference Authors Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
Title Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
Journal Reference Authors Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Conti F, Weinberg RJ
Title Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
Journal Reference Authors Sheng M, Kim MJ
Title Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
