KEGG PATHWAY: lav04540

KEGG

PATHWAY: lav04540

Entry

lav04540                    Pathway

Name

Gap junction - Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant)

Description

Gap junctions contain intercellular channels that allow direct communication between the cytosolic compartments of adjacent cells. Each gap junction channel is formed by docking of two 'hemichannels', each containing six connexins, contributed by each neighboring cell. These channels permit the direct transfer of small molecules including ions, amino acids, nucleotides, second messengers and other metabolites between adjacent cells. Gap junctional communication is essential for many physiological events, including embryonic development, electrical coupling, metabolic transport, apoptosis, and tissue homeostasis. Communication through Gap Junction is sensitive to a variety of stimuli, including changes in the level of intracellular Ca2+, pH, transjunctional applied voltage and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes. This figure represents the possible activation routes of different protein kinases involved in Cx43 and Cx36 phosphorylation.

Class

Cellular Processes; Cellular community - eukaryotes

Pathway map

Gap junction

Other DBs

GO:

Organism

Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant) [GN:lav]

Gene

GJA1; gap junction alpha-1 protein [KO:K07372]

GJD2; gap junction delta-2 protein [KO:K07373]

LPAR1; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04289]

GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]

GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]

GNAI3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]

PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X2 [KO:K17386]

PDGFD; platelet-derived growth factor D [KO:K05450]

PDGFC; platelet-derived growth factor C [KO:K05450]

EGF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357]

PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]

PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]

EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]

GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]

SOS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099]

SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]

KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]

NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]

RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]

MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]

SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]

MAP3K2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04420] [EC:2.7.11.25]

MAP2K5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04463] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAPK7; mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04464] [EC:2.7.11.24]

TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]

tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]

TUBA1B; tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]

tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]

tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]

tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]

tubulin alpha-1D chain [KO:K07374]

tubulin alpha-4A chain isoform X2 [KO:K07374]

tubulin alpha-1 chain-like [KO:K07374]

TUBAL3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]

TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]

tubulin beta chain-like [KO:K07375]

tubulin beta-2A chain isoform X2 [KO:K07375]

TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]

tubulin beta chain-like [KO:K07375]

TUBB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]

TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]

uncharacterized protein LOC100671690 [KO:K07375]

CSNK1D; casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08959] [EC:2.7.11.1]

CDK1; cyclin-dependent kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02087] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]

TJP1; tight junction protein ZO-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05701]

ADRB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]

DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]

guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632]

neuroendocrine secretory protein 55-like [KO:K04632]

DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor [KO:K04145]

ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]

ADCY2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]

ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]

ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]

ADCY5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]

ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]

ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]

ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]

ADCY9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]

PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]

PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]

HTR2C; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C [KO:K04157]

HTR2B; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B [KO:K04157]

HTR2A; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A [KO:K04157]

GRM5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [KO:K04604]

guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]

GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]

PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]

PLCB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]

PLCB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]

PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]

ITPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]

ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]

ITPR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]

PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]

PRKCB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]

PRKCG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]

GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]

GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]

GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]

guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]

PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]

PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]

Compound

L-Glutamate

Calcium cation

Diacylglycerol

Nitric oxide

L-Noradrenaline

3',5'-Cyclic AMP

1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Serotonin

3',5'-Cyclic GMP

D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

Dopamine

Reference

Authors

Saez JC, Berthoud VM, Branes MC, Martinez AD, Beyer EC.

Title

Plasma membrane channels formed by connexins: their regulation and functions.

Journal

Physiol Rev 83:1359-400 (2003)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00007.2003

Reference

Authors

Warn-Cramer BJ, Lau AF.

Title

Regulation of gap junctions by tyrosine protein kinases.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 1662:81-95 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.10.018

Reference

Authors

Warn-Cramer BJ, Cottrell GT, Burt JM, Lau AF.

Title

Regulation of connexin-43 gap junctional intercellular communication by mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Journal

J Biol Chem 273:9188-96 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.15.9188

Reference

Authors

Roerig B, Feller MB.

Title

Neurotransmitters and gap junctions in developing neural circuits.

Journal

Brain Res Brain Res Rev 32:86-114 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(99)00069-7

Reference

Authors

Hatton GI.

Title

Synaptic modulation of neuronal coupling.

Journal

Cell Biol Int 22:765-80 (1998)
DOI:10.1006/cbir.1998.0386

Reference

Authors

Cruciani V, Mikalsen SO.

Title

Connexins, gap junctional intercellular communication and kinases.

Journal

Biol Cell 94:433-43 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0248-4900(02)00014-X

Reference

Authors

Giepmans BN.

Title

Gap junctions and connexin-interacting proteins.

Journal

Cardiovasc Res 62:233-45 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.12.009

Reference

Authors

Laird DW.

Title

Connexin phosphorylation as a regulatory event linked to gap junction internalization and degradation.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 1711:172-82 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.09.009

Reference

Authors

Peracchia C.

Title

Chemical gating of gap junction channels; roles of calcium, pH and calmodulin.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 1662:61-80 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.10.020

Reference

Authors

Bukauskas FF, Verselis VK.

Title

Gap junction channel gating.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 1662:42-60 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.01.008

Related
pathway

MAPK signaling pathway

Calcium signaling pathway

Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction

Phosphatidylinositol signaling system

Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction

KO pathway

LinkDB

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