Entry
Name
MAPK signaling pathway - Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant)
Description
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. Each MAPKK, however, can be activated by more than one MAPKKK, increasing the complexity and diversity of MAPK signalling. Presumably each MAPKKK confers responsiveness to distinct stimuli. For example, activation of ERK1/2 by growth factors depends on the MAPKKK c-Raf, but other MAPKKKs may activate ERK1/2 in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Disease
H02157 Short-rib thoracic dysplasia
Other DBs
Organism
Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant) [GN:
lav ]
Gene
100653533 MAPK8IP2; C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 2 [KO:K04435 ]
100653562 GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402 ]
100653996 CACNB3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X4 [KO:K04864 ]
100655176 CACNA1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344 ]
100655623 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04446 ]
100655692 GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta isoform X2 [KO:K04402 ]
100656420 HSPA6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 [KO:K03283 ]
100656450 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04404 ]
100656767 MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04454 ]
100656834 FGF18; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 18 [KO:K04358 ]
100656938 CACNB4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 [KO:K04865 ]
100657379 SOS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099 ]
100657622 GDNF; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X1 [KO:K05452 ]
100657715 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
100657751 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X4 [KO:K03171 ]
100657917 NFKB2; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform X2 [KO:K04469 ]
100657989 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
100658037 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X2 [KO:K17333 ]
100658253 GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402 ]
100658495 FGF16; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 16 [KO:K04358 ]
100659138 CACNA2D3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860 ]
100659447 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729 ]
100659992 CACNA1D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
100660332 CACNA1I; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856 ]
100660444 CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849 ]
100660460 CACNG8; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873 ]
100660813 DAXX; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308 ]
100660911 TAB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
100660941 DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X2 [KO:K04452 ]
100661492 IKBKG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210 ]
100661626 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100661893 FGF21; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 21 [KO:K22429 ]
100662194 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
100662521 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 isoform X2 [KO:K04374 ]
100662586 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
100662772 RASGRF1; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04349 ]
100663544 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X2 [KO:K17386 ]
100663604 CACNA2D4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861 ]
100663606 CACNA1E; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E [KO:K04852 ]
100664775 CACNG4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869 ]
100664832 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100665124 ECSIT; evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathway, mitochondrial [KO:K04405 ]
100665821 CACNG5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit isoform X2 [KO:K04870 ]
100666105 CACNG1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866 ]
100666554 CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
100666654 IL1RAP; interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein isoform X2 [KO:K04723 ]
100666856 MAPK8IP3; C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 3 isoform X13 [KO:K04436 ]
100667110 CACNA2D2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 [KO:K04859 ]
100667885 BDNF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: brain-derived neurotrophic factor [KO:K04355 ]
100668077 MAPK8IP1; C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 1 [KO:K04434 ]
100668949 VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform X1 [KO:K16858 ]
100669040 MAP2K5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04463 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
100669156 FGF22; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 22 [KO:K04358 ]
100669548 FLT3LG; fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand isoform X3 [KO:K05454 ]
100670137 EGF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357 ]
100670174 RAPGEF2; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 isoform X6 [KO:K08018 ]
100670704 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X3 [KO:K05453 ]
100671102 NGFR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583 ]
100672020 CACNG7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872 ]
100672143 TNFRSF1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
100672366 CACNG3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868 ]
100673089 CACNA1S; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
100673091 CACNB2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 [KO:K04863 ]
100674649 CACNA1F; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853 ]
100675598 CACNA1H; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H [KO:K04855 ]
100676022 CACNA2D1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 [KO:K04858 ]
100676444 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346 ]
100677352 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
104846285 CACNB1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862 ]
111749631 CACNG6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit [KO:K04871 ]
111750996 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
111751488 GNG14; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Chen Z, Gibson TB, Robinson F, Silvestro L, Pearson G, Xu B, Wright A, Vanderbilt C, Cobb MH.
Title
MAP kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tanoue T, Nishida E.
Title
Docking interactions in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dent P, Yacoub A, Fisher PB, Hagan MP, Grant S.
Title
MAPK pathways in radiation responses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Huang EJ, Reichardt LF.
Title
Trk receptors: roles in neuronal signal transduction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harper SJ, LoGrasso P.
Title
Signalling for survival and death in neurones: the role of stress-activated kinases, JNK and p38.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takeda K, Ichijo H
Title
Neuronal p38 MAPK signalling: an emerging regulator of cell fate and function in the nervous system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yang SH, Sharrocks AD, Whitmarsh AJ.
Title
Transcriptional regulation by the MAP kinase signaling cascades.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhu X, Lee HG, Raina AK, Perry G, Smith MA.
Title
The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in Alzheimer's disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cho H, Lee J, Kwak NJ, Lee KH, Rha S, Kim YH, Cho YY, Yang KH, Kim K, Lim Y.
Title
Silica induces nuclear factor-kappaB activation through TAK1 and NIK in Rat2 cell line.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Skaper SD
Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chu WM
Title
Tumor necrosis factor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Newton K, Dixit VM
Title
Signaling in innate immunity and inflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gaestel M, Kotlyarov A, Kracht M
Title
Targeting innate immunity protein kinase signalling in inflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ajibade AA, Wang HY, Wang RF
Title
Cell type-specific function of TAK1 in innate immune signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turner MD, Nedjai B, Hurst T, Pennington DJ
Title
Cytokines and chemokines: At the crossroads of cell signalling and inflammatory disease.
Journal
Related pathway
lav04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway