KEGG   PATHWAY: ptg05143
Entry
ptg05143                    Pathway                                
Name
African trypanosomiasis - Panthera tigris altaica (Amur tiger)
Description
Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and cause neurological damage by inducing cytokines like TNF alpha, IFN gamma, and IL1. These cytokines and other metabolites such as nitric oxide and somnogenic prostaglandin D2 disturb circadian rhythms in patients with African trypanosomiasis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasitic
Pathway map
ptg05143  African trypanosomiasis
ptg05143

Organism
Panthera tigris altaica (Amur tiger) [GN:ptg]
Gene
102969160  TLR9; toll like receptor 9 [KO:K10161]
102952059  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response 88 [KO:K04729]
102964477  THOP1; thimet oligopeptidase 1 [KO:K01392] [EC:3.4.24.15]
102960528  KNG1; kininogen 1 [KO:K03898]
102969166  NPPA; natriuretic peptide A [KO:K12334]
107179465  APOA1; apolipoprotein A1 [KO:K08757]
102969107  HBA1; hemoglobin subunit alpha [KO:K13822]
102955458  hemoglobin subunit beta-2 [KO:K13823]
102955740  hemoglobin subunit beta-1 [KO:K13823]
102957558  IL10; interleukin 10 [KO:K05443]
102971802  IL12A; interleukin 12A [KO:K05406]
102959546  IL12B; interleukin 12B [KO:K05425]
102952004  IL18; interleukin 18 [KO:K05482]
102963756  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
102958919  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
102951272  IL1B; interleukin 1 beta [KO:K04519]
102968780  IL6; interleukin 6 [KO:K05405]
102953222  FASLG; Fas ligand [KO:K04389]
102958442  FAS; Fas cell surface death receptor [KO:K04390]
102959523  VCAM1; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06527]
102951549  SELE; selectin E [KO:K06494]
102969345  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]
102953957  LAMA4; laminin subunit alpha 4 [KO:K06241]
102959839  IDO2; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 [KO:K00463] [EC:1.13.11.52]
102969142  IDO1; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 [KO:K00463] [EC:1.13.11.52]
102960149  F2RL1; F2R like trypsin receptor 1 [KO:K04234]
102954227  GNAQ; G protein subunit alpha q [KO:K04634]
102959485  PLCB2; phospholipase C beta 2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102961437  PLCB3; phospholipase C beta 3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102960646  PLCB4; phospholipase C beta 4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102961121  PLCB1; phospholipase C beta 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102968590  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102952814  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102956490  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00328  L-Kynurenine
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00584  Prostaglandin E2
C00696  Prostaglandin D2
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:19168735
  Authors
Antoine-Moussiaux N, Buscher P, Desmecht D
  Title
Host-parasite interactions in trypanosomiasis: on the way to an antidisease strategy.
  Journal
Infect Immun 77:1276-84 (2009)
DOI:10.1128/IAI.01185-08
Reference
PMID:12088284
  Authors
Enanga B, Burchmore RJ, Stewart ML, Barrett MP
  Title
Sleeping sickness and the brain.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 59:845-58 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-002-8472-0
Reference
PMID:16600243
  Authors
Bisser S, Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer ON, Toure FS, Taoufiq Z, Bouteille B, Buguet A, Mazier D
  Title
Harbouring in the brain: A focus on immune evasion mechanisms and their deleterious effects in malaria and human African trypanosomiasis.
  Journal
Int J Parasitol 36:529-40 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.02.001
Reference
PMID:17582444
  Authors
Masocha W, Rottenberg ME, Kristensson K
  Title
Migration of African trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
Physiol Behav 92:110-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.045
Reference
PMID:11850009
  Authors
Lonsdale-Eccles JD, Grab DJ
  Title
Trypanosome hydrolases and the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
Trends Parasitol 18:17-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02120-1
Reference
PMID:19016378
  Authors
Grab DJ, Kennedy PG
  Title
Traversal of human and animal trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
J Neurovirol 14:344-51 (2008)
DOI:10.1080/13550280802282934
Reference
PMID:19995590
  Authors
Kristensson K, Nygard M, Bertini G, Bentivoglio M
  Title
African trypanosome infections of the nervous system: parasite entry and effects on sleep and synaptic functions.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 91:152-71 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.12.001
Reference
PMID:19559585
  Authors
Pays E, Vanhollebeke B
  Title
Human innate immunity against African trypanosomes.
  Journal
Curr Opin Immunol 21:493-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.024
Reference
PMID:9574925
  Authors
Donelson JE, Hill KL, El-Sayed NM
  Title
Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion by African trypanosomes.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 91:51-66 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(97)00209-0
Reference
PMID:19621073
  Authors
Grab DJ, Garcia-Garcia JC, Nikolskaia OV, Kim YV, Brown A, Pardo CA, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Wilson BA, de A Lima AP, Scharfstein J, Dumler JS
  Title
Protease activated receptor signaling is required for African trypanosome traversal of human brain microvascular endothelial cells.
  Journal
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e479 (2009)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000479
Reference
PMID:20398209
  Authors
Vanhollebeke B, Pays E
  Title
The trypanolytic factor of human serum: many ways to enter the parasite, a single way to kill.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 76:806-14 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07156.x
Related
pathway
ptg00380  Tryptophan metabolism
ptg04210  Apoptosis
ptg04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
ptg04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ptg04710  Circadian rhythm
KO pathway
ko05143   
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