KEGG   PATHWAY: ray05323
Entry
ray05323                    Pathway                                
Name
Rheumatoid arthritis - Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette)
Description
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune system elevates pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines levels, which can promote synovial angiogenesis and leukocyte infiltration. The synovium forms a hyperplastic pannus with infiltrated macrophage-like and fibroblast-like synoviocytes and invades joints by secreting proteinases and inducing osteoclast differentiation.
Class
Human Diseases; Immune disease
Pathway map
ray05323  Rheumatoid arthritis
ray05323

Organism
Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette) [GN:ray]
Gene
107508366  CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 [KO:K05412]
107497773  CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413]
107519371  CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 isoform X1 [KO:K06470]
107504183  CTLA4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K06538]
107506765  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
107506766  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]
107505772  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like [KO:K06752]
107505773  boLa class II histocompatibility antigen, DQB*0101 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
107505774  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like [KO:K06752]
107511941  H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, A-R alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]
107511990  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752]
107511992  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752]
107511993  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
107511999  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
107512001  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
107507331  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like [KO:K06752]
107507332  SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype C beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
107516945  uncharacterized protein LOC107516945 [KO:K10785]
107515868  ITGAL; integrin alpha-L isoform X1 [KO:K05718]
107510212  ITGB2; integrin beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06464]
107515099  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06490]
107499262  IL15; interleukin-15 isoform X1 [KO:K05433]
107506405  TNFSF13; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 isoform X1 [KO:K05475]
107511110  TNFSF13B; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B isoform X1 [KO:K05476]
107507577  Ig heavy chain Mem5-like [KO:K06856]
107498491  LTB; lymphotoxin-beta [KO:K03157]
107498497  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
107514909  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
107514900  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta isoform X1 [KO:K04519]
107518120  IL6; interleukin-6 isoform X1 [KO:K05405]
107515417  IL11; interleukin-11 isoform X1 [KO:K05417]
107512960  IL18; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-18 [KO:K05482]
107510758  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10159]
107514466  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
107518352  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
107498912  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
107505490  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 [KO:K13375]
107520844  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
107498899  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 [KO:K13377]
107521235  IL23A; interleukin-23 subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05426]
107512115  IL17A; interleukin-17A [KO:K05489]
107501730  PTH; parathyroid hormone [KO:K05261]
107516132  CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453]
107517455  TNFSF11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 [KO:K05473]
107501393  TNFRSF11A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A [KO:K05147]
107513702  ATP6V1A; V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A [KO:K02145] [EC:7.1.2.2]
107503746  ATP6V1B2; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform [KO:K02147]
107516231  ATP6V1B1; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, kidney isoform [KO:K02147]
107512214  ATP6V1C1; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 [KO:K02148]
107501201  ATP6V1C2; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02148]
107503259  ATP6V1D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: V-type proton ATPase subunit D [KO:K02149]
107509568  ATP6V1E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 2 [KO:K02150]
107500465  ATP6V1E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1 [KO:K02150]
107512797  ATP6V1F; V-type proton ATPase subunit F [KO:K02151]
107513634  ATP6V1G3; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 3 [KO:K02152]
107514655  ATP6V1G1; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1 [KO:K02152]
107498476  ATP6V1G2; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 [KO:K02152]
107511034  ATP6V0E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1 [KO:K02153]
107500564  ATP6V0E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 2 [KO:K02153]
107503485  TCIRG1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 3 [KO:K02154]
107504599  V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
107519336  ATP6V0A4; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
107513825  ATP6V0A1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
107514921  ATP6V0D2; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02146]
107520218  ATP6V0D1; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 [KO:K02146]
107511566  ATP6V1H; V-type proton ATPase subunit H isoform X1 [KO:K02144]
107499491  ATP6AP1; V-type proton ATPase subunit S1 [KO:K03662]
107506034  ATP6V0C; V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02155]
107499515  ATP6V0B; V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit isoform X1 [KO:K03661]
107498992  CTSK; cathepsin K isoform X1 [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
107515122  ACP5; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 [KO:K14379] [EC:3.1.3.2]
107504633  MMP1; interstitial collagenase [KO:K01388] [EC:3.4.24.7]
107504635  stromelysin-1-like [KO:K01394] [EC:3.4.24.17]
107500189  CTSV; cathepsin L2 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107502729  CTSL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107518088  cathepsin L1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107497048  CSF2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05427]
107499426  CCL5; C-C motif chemokine 5 [KO:K12499]
107519955  C-C motif chemokine 2-like [KO:K14624]
107503310  C-C motif chemokine 3-like [KO:K05408]
107506475  C-C motif chemokine 3-like [KO:K05408]
107506480  C-C motif chemokine 3-like [KO:K05408]
107506481  C-C motif chemokine 3-like [KO:K05408]
107508345  C-C motif chemokine 3-like [KO:K05408]
107508346  C-C motif chemokine 3-like [KO:K05408]
107499047  C-C motif chemokine 3-like [KO:K05408]
107515105  CCL20; C-C motif chemokine 20 isoform X1 [KO:K14625]
107515315  growth-regulated protein homolog [KO:K05505]
107515316  growth-regulated protein homolog gamma-like [KO:K05505]
107515317  C-X-C motif chemokine 15-like [KO:K10030]
107515319  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
107517786  CXCL12; stromal cell-derived factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10031]
107502007  VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X1 [KO:K05448]
107498919  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kdr-like [KO:K05096] [EC:2.7.10.1]
107514322  FLT1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 [KO:K05096] [EC:2.7.10.1]
107512193  ANGPT1; angiopoietin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05465]
107516483  TEK; angiopoietin-1 receptor [KO:K05121] [EC:2.7.10.1]
107512682  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
Compound
C00080  H+
C00584  Prostaglandin E2
C05443  Vitamin D3
Reference
PMID:16127012
  Authors
Zwerina J, Redlich K, Schett G, Smolen JS
  Title
Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: targeting cytokines.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1051:716-29 (2005)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1361.116
Reference
PMID:20036936
  Authors
Szekanecz Z, Vegvari A, Szabo Z, Koch AE
  Title
Chemokines and chemokine receptors in arthritis.
  Journal
Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2:153-67 (2010)
DOI:10.2741/53
Reference
PMID:20651747
  Authors
Isaacs JD
  Title
The changing face of rheumatoid arthritis: sustained remission for all?
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 10:605-11 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nri2804
Reference
PMID:17195034
  Authors
Strand V, Kimberly R, Isaacs JD
  Title
Biologic therapies in rheumatology: lessons learned, future directions.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 6:75-92 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2196
Reference
PMID:20193003
  Authors
Bartok B, Firestein GS
  Title
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes: key effector cells in rheumatoid arthritis.
  Journal
Immunol Rev 233:233-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00859.x
Reference
PMID:17502360
  Authors
Dai SM, Shan ZZ, Xu H, Nishioka K
  Title
Cellular targets of interleukin-18 in rheumatoid arthritis.
  Journal
Ann Rheum Dis 66:1411-8 (2007)
DOI:10.1136/ard.2006.067793
Reference
PMID:9627005
  Authors
Koch AE
  Title
Review: angiogenesis: implications for rheumatoid arthritis.
  Journal
Arthritis Rheum 41:951-62 (1998)
DOI:10.1002/1529-0131(199806)41:6<951::AID-ART2>3.0.CO;2-D
Reference
PMID:20305562
  Authors
Szekanecz Z, Besenyei T, Szentpetery A, Koch AE
  Title
Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis.
  Journal
Curr Opin Rheumatol 22:299-306 (2010)
DOI:10.1097/BOR.0b013e328337c95a
Reference
PMID:15059264
  Authors
Brunner-Weinzierl MC, Hoff H, Burmester GR
  Title
Multiple functions for CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 during different phases of T cell responses: implications for arthritis and autoimmune diseases.
  Journal
Arthritis Res Ther 6:45-54 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/ar1158
Reference
PMID:11861618
  Authors
Theill LE, Boyle WJ, Penninger JM
  Title
RANK-L and RANK: T cells, bone loss, and mammalian evolution.
  Journal
Annu Rev Immunol 20:795-823 (2002)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064753
Reference
PMID:19184540
  Authors
Mensah KA, Li J, Schwarz EM
  Title
The emerging field of osteoimmunology.
  Journal
Immunol Res 45:100-13 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s12026-009-8093-x
Reference
PMID:16313349
  Authors
Takayanagi H, Sato K, Takaoka A, Taniguchi T
  Title
Interplay between interferon and other cytokine systems in bone metabolism.
  Journal
Immunol Rev 208:181-93 (2005)
DOI:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00337.x
Reference
PMID:20392226
  Authors
Takayanagi H
  Title
New immune connections in osteoclast formation.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1192:117-23 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05303.x
Reference
PMID:19585227
  Authors
Nakashima T, Takayanagi H
  Title
Osteoimmunology: crosstalk between the immune and bone systems.
  Journal
J Clin Immunol 29:555-67 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s10875-009-9316-6
Reference
PMID:19455385
  Authors
Nakashima T, Takayanagi H
  Title
Osteoclasts and the immune system.
  Journal
J Bone Miner Metab 27:519-29 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s00774-009-0089-z
Reference
PMID:17380158
  Authors
Takayanagi H
  Title
Osteoimmunology: shared mechanisms and crosstalk between the immune and bone systems.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 7:292-304 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nri2062
Reference
PMID:20510236
  Authors
Fox DA, Gizinski A, Morgan R, Lundy SK
  Title
Cell-cell interactions in rheumatoid arthritis synovium.
  Journal
Rheum Dis Clin North Am 36:311-23 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.rdc.2010.02.004
Reference
PMID:15055519
  Authors
Rho J, Takami M, Choi Y
  Title
Osteoimmunology: interactions of the immune and skeletal systems.
  Journal
Mol Cells 17:1-9 (2004)
Related
pathway
ray04370  VEGF signaling pathway
ray04380  Osteoclast differentiation
ray04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ray04659  Th17 cell differentiation
ray04660  T cell receptor signaling pathway
ray04670  Leukocyte transendothelial migration
KO pathway
ko05323   
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