KEGG PATHWAY: sbq05150

PATHWAY: sbq05150

Entry

sbq05150                    Pathway

Name

Staphylococcus aureus infection - Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey)

Description

Staphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the effectiveness of the immune system: secreting immune modulating proteins that inhibit complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis or lysis, modulating the sensitivity to cationic antimicrobial peptides (such as defensin) by increasing the positive net charge of its cytoplasmic membrane, and expression of superantigens that prevent development of a normal immune response or cause an emetic response when ingested.

Class

Human Diseases; Infectious disease: bacterial

Pathway map

sbq05150

Staphylococcus aureus infection

Organism

Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey) [GN:sbq]

Gene

104650642

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC104650642 [KO:K07604]

101049160

keratin, type I cuticular Ha3-I-like [KO:K07604]

101052560

KRT32; keratin, type I cuticular Ha2 [KO:K07604]

101051584

KRT38; keratin, type I cuticular Ha8 [KO:K07604]

101053509

KRT37; keratin, type I cuticular Ha7 [KO:K07604]

101051905

KRT34; keratin, type I cuticular Ha4 [KO:K07604]

101054476

keratin, type I cuticular Ha3-I [KO:K07604]

101054151

KRT40; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 40 [KO:K07604]

101054475

KRT39; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 39 [KO:K07604]

101053508

KRT23; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 23 [KO:K07604]

101027642

KRT20; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 20 [KO:K07604]

101050948

KRT12; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 12 [KO:K07604]

101032500

KRT28; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 28 [KO:K07604]

101032175

KRT27; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 27 [KO:K07604]

101032821

KRT26; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 26 [KO:K07604]

101033141

KRT25; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 25 [KO:K07604]

101033459

KRT24; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 24 [KO:K07604]

101047109

KRT18; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 [KO:K07604]

101053823

KRT17; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 17 [KO:K07604]

101053197

KRT16; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 16 isoform X2 [KO:K07604]

101050083

KRT14; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14 [KO:K07604]

101027947

KRT19; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19 [KO:K07604]

101052875

KRT15; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 15 [KO:K07604]

101050414

KRT13; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 13 isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

101051265

KRT36; keratin, type I cuticular Ha6 [KO:K07604]

101052222

KRT35; keratin, type I cuticular Ha5 [KO:K07604]

101053198

KRT9; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9 [KO:K07604]

101053824

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: keratin, type I cuticular Ha7-like [KO:K07604]

101054152

KRT31; keratin, type I cuticular Ha1 [KO:K07604]

104650055

keratin, type I cuticular Ha3-I-like [KO:K07604]

101029866

KRT10; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10 [KO:K07604]

101043315

FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain [KO:K03905]

101044671

C3; complement C3 [KO:K03990]

101036079

CFB; complement factor B [KO:K01335] [EC:3.4.21.47]

101030841

CFD; complement factor D [KO:K01334] [EC:3.4.21.46]

101044777

complement factor H isoform X1 [KO:K04004]

101029843

mannose-binding protein A-like [KO:K03991]

101045108

MBL2; mannose-binding protein C [KO:K03991]

101033147

MASP1; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03992] [EC:3.4.21.-]

101047723

MASP2; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03993] [EC:3.4.21.104]

101040997

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 7 [KO:K06856]

101054381

putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV1OR21-1 [KO:K06856]

101033685

uncharacterized protein LOC101033685 [KO:K06856]

101041646

putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 [KO:K06856]

101048882

C1QA; complement C1q subcomponent subunit A [KO:K03986]

101049399

C1QB; complement C1q subcomponent subunit B [KO:K03987]

101048354

C1QC; complement C1q subcomponent subunit C [KO:K03988]

101033061

C1R; complement C1r subcomponent isoform X2 [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]

101034947

C1S; complement C1s subcomponent [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]

104650316

C2; complement C2 [KO:K01332] [EC:3.4.21.43]

101045782

C4A; complement C4-A [KO:K03989]

101040214

C5; complement C5 [KO:K03994]

101038526

C3AR1; C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor [KO:K04009]

101034910

C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 [KO:K04010]

101027415

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I-like [KO:K06498]

101040113

FCGR2A; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a isoform X1 [KO:K06472]

101039367

FCGR2B; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b isoform X2 [KO:K12560]

101040447

low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III isoform X2 [KO:K06463]

101052887

FCAR; immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor [KO:K06513]

101040239

FPR3; N-formyl peptide receptor 3 [KO:K04173]

101040875

FPR2; N-formyl peptide receptor 2 [KO:K04173]

101028314

plasminogen [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]

101045793

CFI; complement factor I isoform X1 [KO:K01333] [EC:3.4.21.45]

101034747

SELPLG; P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 [KO:K06544]

101049034

SELP; P-selectin [KO:K06496]

101054438

ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]

101049788

ITGAL; integrin alpha-L [KO:K05718]

101035688

ITGAM; integrin alpha-M isoform X1 [KO:K06461]

101053620

ITGB2; integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]

101047470

beta-defensin 4A-like [KO:K21100]

101047788

beta-defensin 103 [KO:K23126]

101046624

neutrophil defensin 1-like isoform X2 [KO:K05230]

101047148

defensin-5 [KO:K05230]

101049999

neutrophil defensin 4 [KO:K05230]

104650356

theta defensin subunit A-like [KO:K05230]

104650357

defensin-5-like [KO:K05230]

101050964

theta defensin subunit A-like [KO:K05230]

101039558

CAMP; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]

101035746

DSG1; desmoglein-1 [KO:K07596]

101031681

uncharacterized protein LOC101031681 [KO:K10785]

101053828

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06752]

101054155

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain-like [KO:K06752]

101053201

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain isoform X4 [KO:K06752]

101054478

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

101052879

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

101034517

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

101041326

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

101034208

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-9 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

101041640

mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]

101038711

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

104650606

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752]

101039757

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752]

101039220

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain [KO:K06752]

101040088

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

101052651

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like [KO:K06752]

101052977

H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, E-S beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

101039470

PTAFR; platelet-activating factor receptor [KO:K04279]

101052580

IL10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]

Compound

C11596

FMLP

C20898

Lipoteichoic acid

Reference

PMID:20178484

Authors

Foster TJ

Title

Colonization and infection of the human host by staphylococci: adhesion, survival and immune evasion.

Journal

Vet Dermatol 20:456-70 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00825.x

Reference

PMID:16322743

Authors

Foster TJ

Title

Immune evasion by staphylococci.

Journal

Nat Rev Microbiol 3:948-58 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1289

Reference

PMID:20062962

Authors

Laarman A, Milder F, van Strijp J, Rooijakkers S

Title

Complement inhibition by gram-positive pathogens: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Journal

J Mol Med 88:115-20 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0572-y

Reference

PMID:16242332

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Staphylococcal innate immune evasion.

Journal

Trends Microbiol 13:596-601 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2005.10.002

Reference

PMID:16679003

Authors

Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T

Title

Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion and aggression.

Journal

J Dermatol Sci 42:203-14 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.03.011

Reference

PMID:11361034

Authors

Torres BA, Kominsky S, Perrin GQ, Hobeika AC, Johnson HM

Title

Superantigens: the good, the bad, and the ugly.

Journal

Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 226:164-76 (2001)
DOI:10.1177/153537020122600303

Reference

PMID:18061675

Authors

Atkins KL, Burman JD, Chamberlain ES, Cooper JE, Poutrel B, Bagby S, Jenkins AT, Feil EJ, van den Elsen JM

Title

S. aureus IgG-binding proteins SpA and Sbi: host specificity and mechanisms of immune complex formation.

Journal

Mol Immunol 45:1600-11 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.021

Reference

PMID:16724100

Authors

Silverman GJ, Goodyear CS

Title

Confounding B-cell defences: lessons from a staphylococcal superantigen.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 6:465-75 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1853

Reference

PMID:15273292

Authors

Goodyear CS, Silverman GJ

Title

Staphylococcal toxin induced preferential and prolonged in vivo deletion of innate-like B lymphocytes.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:11392-7 (2004)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0404382101

Reference

PMID:19112495

Authors

Haupt K, Reuter M, van den Elsen J, Burman J, Halbich S, Richter J, Skerka C, Zipfel PF

Title

The Staphylococcus aureus protein Sbi acts as a complement inhibitor and forms a tripartite complex with host complement Factor H and C3b.

Journal

PLoS Pathog 4:e1000250 (2008)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000250

Reference

PMID:16111912

Authors

Bokarewa MI, Jin T, Tarkowski A

Title

Staphylococcus aureus: Staphylokinase.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 38:504-9 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.07.005

Reference

PMID:16086019

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, Ruyken M, Roos A, Daha MR, Presanis JS, Sim RB, van Wamel WJ, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Immune evasion by a staphylococcal complement inhibitor that acts on C3 convertases.

Journal

Nat Immunol 6:920-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/ni1235

Reference

PMID:19503103

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, Wu J, Ruyken M, van Domselaar R, Planken KL, Tzekou A, Ricklin D, Lambris JD, Janssen BJ, van Strijp JA, Gros P

Title

Structural and functional implications of the alternative complement pathway C3 convertase stabilized by a staphylococcal inhibitor.

Journal

Nat Immunol 10:721-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/ni.1756

Reference

PMID:17893203

Authors

Jongerius I, Kohl J, Pandey MK, Ruyken M, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Rooijakkers SH

Title

Staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules.

Journal

J Exp Med 204:2461-71 (2007)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20070818

Reference

PMID:18544012

Authors

Hair PS, Ward MD, Semmes OJ, Foster TJ, Cunnion KM

Title

Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A binds to complement regulator factor I and increases factor I cleavage of C3b.

Journal

J Infect Dis 198:125-33 (2008)
DOI:10.1086/588825

Reference

PMID:16640587

Authors

Higgins J, Loughman A, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Foster TJ

Title

Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Journal

FEMS Microbiol Lett 258:290-6 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00229.x

Reference

PMID:20133685

Authors

Laursen NS, Gordon N, Hermans S, Lorenz N, Jackson N, Wines B, Spillner E, Christensen JB, Jensen M, Fredslund F, Bjerre M, Sottrup-Jensen L, Fraser JD, Andersen GR

Title

Structural basis for inhibition of complement C5 by the SSL7 protein from Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:3681-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0910565107

Reference

PMID:17848512

Authors

Ramsland PA, Willoughby N, Trist HM, Farrugia W, Hogarth PM, Fraser JD, Wines BD

Title

Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity by Staphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:15051-6 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0706028104

Reference

PMID:14993252

Authors

de Haas CJ, Veldkamp KE, Peschel A, Weerkamp F, Van Wamel WJ, Heezius EC, Poppelier MJ, Van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial antiinflammatory agent.

Journal

J Exp Med 199:687-95 (2004)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20031636

Reference

PMID:17114475

Authors

Prat C, Bestebroer J, de Haas CJ, van Strijp JA, van Kessel KP

Title

A new staphylococcal anti-inflammatory protein that antagonizes the formyl peptide receptor-like 1.

Journal

J Immunol 177:8017-26 (2006)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.8017

Reference

PMID:17132726

Authors

Bestebroer J, Poppelier MJ, Ulfman LH, Lenting PJ, Denis CV, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, de Haas CJ

Title

Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 binds PSGL-1 and inhibits P-selectin-mediated neutrophil rolling.

Journal

Blood 109:2936-43 (2007)
DOI:10.1182/blood-2006-06-015461

Reference

PMID:18045383

Authors

Chung MC, Wines BD, Baker H, Langley RJ, Baker EN, Fraser JD

Title

The crystal structure of staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 11 in complex with sialyl Lewis X reveals the mechanism for cell binding and immune inhibition.

Journal

Mol Microbiol 66:1342-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05989.x

Reference

PMID:12091905

Authors

Chavakis T, Hussain M, Kanse SM, Peters G, Bretzel RG, Flock JI, Herrmann M, Preissner KT

Title

Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes.

Journal

Nat Med 8:687-93 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nm728

Reference

PMID:17517597

Authors

Li M, Lai Y, Villaruz AE, Cha DJ, Sturdevant DE, Otto M

Title

Gram-positive three-component antimicrobial peptide-sensing system.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9469-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0702159104

Reference

PMID:15561843

Authors

Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mydel P, Krawczyk K, Wojcik K, Puklo M, Lupa B, Suder P, Silberring J, Reed M, Pohl J, Shafer W, McAleese F, Foster T, Travis J, Potempa J

Title

Degradation of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by Staphylococcus aureus-derived proteinases.

Journal

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:4673-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/AAC.48.12.4673-4679.2004

Reference

PMID:18837785

Authors

Fraser JD, Proft T

Title

The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins.

Journal

Immunol Rev 225:226-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00681.x