KEGG   PATHWAY: xhe00260
Entry
xhe00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Xiphophorus hellerii (green swordtail)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
xhe00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
xhe00260

Module
xhe_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:xhe00260]
xhe_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:xhe00260]
xhe_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:xhe00260]
xhe_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:xhe00260]
xhe_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:xhe00260]
xhe_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:xhe00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Xiphophorus hellerii (green swordtail) [GN:xhe]
Gene
116727580  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
116728365  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
116735745  shmt1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
116710574  shmt2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
116726225  agxt; serine--pyruvate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
116721546  serine--pyruvate aminotransferase-like [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
116720390  glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase-like [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
116714193  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase-like [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
116710310  glyctk; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glycerate kinase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
116720543  phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
116713633  phosphoglycerate mutase 1-like [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
116725000  phosphoglycerate mutase 2-like [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
116708874  bpgm; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
116722894  phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
116730292  psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
116708160  psph; phosphoserine phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
116735137  gcat; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
116734501  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
116709528  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
116710886  alas1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
116725717  alas2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
116722988  maob; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
116724916  probable flavin-containing monoamine oxidase A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
116735864  primary amine oxidase, liver isozyme-like [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
116730222  gldc; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
116721603  amt; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
116709336  dld; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
116733136  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
116718413  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
116730045  dao; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
116724194  agxt2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
116718958  gatm; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
116726186  gamt; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
116725107  chdh; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
116726093  aldh7a1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
116730429  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
116730431  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
116724267  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
116724977  dmgdh; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
116708272  pipox; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
116724090  sardh; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
116726160  glycine N-methyltransferase-like [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
116708699  glycine N-methyltransferase-like [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
116716047  cystathionine beta-synthase-like [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
116722914  cystathionine beta-synthase-like [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
116725975  cth; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
116712717  L-threonine ammonia-lyase-like [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
116729256  sds; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase isoform X1 [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
116708700  serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
116725335  serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
116722357  D-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase-like isoform X1 [KO:K20498] [EC:4.3.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
xhe00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
xhe00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
xhe00230  Purine metabolism
xhe00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
xhe00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
xhe00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
xhe00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
xhe00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
xhe00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
xhe00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
xhe00620  Pyruvate metabolism
xhe00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
xhe00640  Propanoate metabolism
xhe00860  Porphyrin metabolism
xhe00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
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