KEGG   PATHWAY: pcad00260
Entry
pcad00260                   Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
pcad00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
pcad00260

Module
pcad_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pcad00260]
pcad_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:pcad00260]
pcad_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pcad00260]
pcad_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pcad00260]
pcad_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pcad00260]
pcad_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:pcad00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale) [GN:pcad]
Gene
102973149  SDSL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
102974196  [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
102974755  AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
102975610  SHMT2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
102975788  SHMT1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic isoform X2 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
102976563  PIPOX; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
102978430  [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
102978840  GLYCTK; glycerate kinase isoform X1 [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
102979403  AGXT; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
102980146  SRR; serine racemase isoform X1 [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
102980202  GATM; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
102980431  [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
102980443  CHDH; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
102980727  ALAS1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, non-specific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
102981734  [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
102981942  [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
102982015  GCSH; glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
102982047  AMT; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
102982094  ALAS2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
102984520  PSAT1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
102984612  [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
102985359  PSPH; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
102985972  BPGM; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
102987125  GCAT; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
102987631  [KO:K02437]
102987965  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
102988039  PHGDH; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
102990400  DAO; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
102990412  [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
102990841  ALDH7A1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
102991016  GAMT; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
102991157  AOC2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
102991479  [KO:K02437]
102991549  SDS; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
102991634  [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
102991899  DMGDH; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
102992216  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
102992255  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
102992526  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
102994300  CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase isoform X1 [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
102994709  GNMT; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
102995086  GLDC; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
102996392  DLD; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
112062286  [KO:K02437]
112062707  [KO:K02437]
112062708  [KO:K02437]
112062732  [KO:K02437]
112063108  [KO:K02437]
112065493  [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
112066001  [KO:K02437]
112066928  [KO:K02437]
112066947  [KO:K02437]
114484516  [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
114484604  [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
114485634  [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
114487445  [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
pcad00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
pcad00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
pcad00230  Purine metabolism
pcad00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
pcad00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
pcad00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
pcad00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
pcad00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
pcad00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
pcad00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
pcad00620  Pyruvate metabolism
pcad00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
pcad00640  Propanoate metabolism
pcad00860  Porphyrin metabolism
pcad00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   

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