KEGG   PATHWAY: ptr04730
Entry
ptr04730                    Pathway                                
Name
Long-term depression - Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee)
Description
Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and Purkinje cells (PCs) induced by the conjunctive activation of PFs and climbing fiber (CF). Multiple signal transduction pathways have been shown to be involved in this process. Activation of PFs terminating on spines in dendritic branchlets leads to glutamate release and activation of both AMPA and mGluRs. Activation of CFs, which make multiple synaptic contacts on proximal dendrites, also via AMPA receptors, opens voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and causes a generalized influx of calcium. These cellular signals, generated from two different synaptic origins, trigger a cascade of events culminating in a phosphorylation-dependent, long-term reduction in AMPA receptor sensitivity at the PF-PC synapse. This may take place either through receptor internalization and/or through receptor desensitization.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
ptr04730  Long-term depression
ptr04730

Other DBs
GO: 0048169
Organism
Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) [GN:ptr]
Gene
100608597  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
100610135  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100611153  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
100611792  [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100612063  RYR1; ryanodine receptor 1 isoform X4 [KO:K04961]
100614247  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100614256  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104003639  [KO:K04632]
104004422  [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
107966392  CRHR1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04578]
107973006  [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
129135285  [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
129144382  [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
450173  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04534]
450188  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
451290  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
452727  [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
453330  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
453356  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
453676  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
453993  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X2 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
454037  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
454827  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
454832  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X2 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
455766  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X3 [KO:K04344]
456276  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X1 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
456390  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
457093  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
458093  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X5 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
458680  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
458693  GNAZ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04535]
460134  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
460182  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
461217  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
461565  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
461570  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05198]
462618  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
463049  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
463234  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 isoform X1 [KO:K04346]
463781  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X2 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
464100  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
464215  CRH; corticoliberin [KO:K05256]
465842  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05199]
466302  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
466769  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
466778  PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform [KO:K03456]
467139  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
467664  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
468935  PLA2G4C; cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
468983  PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform [KO:K03456]
469617  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
469875  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
469986  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X4 [KO:K04632]
471633  [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
471714  GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1 isoform X4 [KO:K05197]
472425  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
472771  LYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn isoform X3 [KO:K05854] [EC:2.7.10.2]
472962  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
473387  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
473389  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04959]
741055  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I isoform X6 [KO:K05459]
742713  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
743067  GRID2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2 precursor [KO:K05207]
744467  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
744773  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
746875  PPP1R17; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 17 [KO:K08067]
748548  [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
749464  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00219  Arachidonate
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00641  1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:12415297
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
The molecular organization of cerebellar long-term depression.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:896-902 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn962
Reference
PMID:11427694
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
Cerebellar long-term depression: characterization, signal transduction, and functional roles.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 81:1143-95 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1143
Reference
  Authors
Purves D, Augustine GJ (ed).
  Title
Neuroscience
  Journal
Sunderland, Mass.:Sinauer Associates (2004)
Reference
PMID:9735948
  Authors
Daniel H, Levenes C, Crepel F.
  Title
Cellular mechanisms of cerebellar LTD.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 21:401-7 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01304-6
Reference
PMID:9602501
  Authors
Levenes C, Daniel H, Crepel F.
  Title
Long-term depression of synaptic transmission in the cerebellum: cellular and molecular mechanisms revisited.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 55:79-91 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00096-8
Reference
PMID:14509570
  Authors
Metzger F, Kapfhammer JP.
  Title
Protein kinase C: its role in activity-dependent Purkinje cell dendritic development and plasticity.
  Journal
Cerebellum 2:206-14 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/14734220310016150
Related
pathway
ptr04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ptr04724  Glutamatergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04730   

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