Entry Name Glutamatergic synapse - Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee)
Description Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) [GN:
ptr ]
Gene 100609242 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 isoform X1 [KO:K04347 ]
100610704 SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12302 ]
100611518 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
100612078 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
100614904 SHANK3; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K15009 ]
101058361 GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B isoform X1 [KO:K05214 ]
107968762 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
107969673 GNG14; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
107969769 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X2 [KO:K04544 ]
450173 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04534 ]
450180 SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X3 [KO:K05613 ]
450898 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X4 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
451290 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
451472 GRM5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04604 ]
451620 GRIK4; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05204 ]
451850 SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14990 ]
451851 SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207 ]
452161 SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 [KO:K12302 ]
453330 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
453597 HOMER2; homer protein homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15010 ]
454396 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X2 [KO:K05209 ]
454868 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
455311 DLGAP1; disks large-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15008 ]
455766 CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X3 [KO:K04344 ]
455789 SLC1A6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 [KO:K05617 ]
456180 GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212 ]
456204 SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302 ]
456977 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
457093 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
458093 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X5 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
460134 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958 ]
460140 GRM7; metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04609 ]
460447 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X20 [KO:K04851 ]
460747 TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04964 ]
460862 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
461570 GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05198 ]
461918 SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05614 ]
462323 GRM6; metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 precursor [KO:K04608 ]
462618 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
462899 GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05202 ]
463049 GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603 ]
464974 SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05612 ]
465176 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
466694 SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
466915 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
467457 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
468967 SHANK1; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
469084 GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05205 ]
469281 GRIK3; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05203 ]
469329 SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 isoform X2 [KO:K05618 ]
469367 PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X6 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
469458 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
469865 LZTS3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K26472 ]
469875 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
469986 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X4 [KO:K04632 ]
471504 HOMER1; homer protein homolog 1 isoform X3 [KO:K15010 ]
471986 GRM4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04607 ]
472425 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
472502 GRM8; metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 isoform X4 [KO:K04610 ]
472962 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
473373 GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B isoform X1 [KO:K05210 ]
473389 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04959 ]
474083 GRIK1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 [KO:K05201 ]
736408 GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A [KO:K05213 ]
737029 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997 ]
739897 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
740869 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
742406 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X4 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
743331 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
744391 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
744706 SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576 ]
744773 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
745402 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
746019 GRM3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04606 ]
747170 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
747185 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
749133 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Niswender CM, Conn PJ
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
Title Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
Journal Reference Authors Hermans E, Challiss RA
Title Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
Title Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Journal Reference Authors Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
Title Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Gass JT, Olive MF
Title Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Journal Reference Authors Palmada M, Centelles JJ
Title Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
Journal Reference Authors Schoepp DD
Title Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
Journal J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference Authors de Jong AP, Verhage M
Title Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
Journal Reference Authors Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
Title Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
Journal Reference Authors Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Conti F, Weinberg RJ
Title Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
Journal Reference Authors Sheng M, Kim MJ
Title Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
Journal Related KO pathway
