Entry Name Cortisol synthesis and secretion - Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter)
Description Cortisol is the main endogenous glucocorticoid, which affects a plethora of physiological functions, e.g., lipid and glucose metabolism, metabolic homeostasis and adaptation to stress. Cortisol production is primarily regulated by corticotropin (ACTH) in zona fasciculata. The stimulatory effect of ACTH on cortisol synthesis depends on cAMP dependent signaling, but also involves membrane depolarization and increased cytosolic Ca2+. Each of cAMP and Ca2+ induces the expression of StAR, stimulating intramitochondrial cholesterol transfer, as well as the steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to cortisol (e.g., CHE, CYP17A1, CYP11B1).
Class Organismal Systems; Endocrine systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map elk04927 Cortisol synthesis and secretion
Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter) [GN:
elk ]
Gene 111141614 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas [KO:K04632 ]
111152625 high affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A isoform X1 [KO:K18437 ] [EC:3.1.4.53 ]
111148266 high affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8B isoform X1 [KO:K18437 ] [EC:3.1.4.53 ]
111151184 pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09355 ]
111147575 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
111142901 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
111151973 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
111150050 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
111138943 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
111161856 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
111152366 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
111144498 steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial [KO:K16931 ]
111153498 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
111144005 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
111159979 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
111151233 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
111156013 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H [KO:K04855 ]
111157525 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856 ]
111159674 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
111143738 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
111150407 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
111150995 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
111156453 calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16056 ]
Compound C01176 17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05138 17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone
Reference Authors Gallo-Payet N, Battista MC
Title Steroidogenesis-adrenal cell signal transduction.
Journal Reference Authors Enyeart JJ
Title Biochemical and Ionic signaling mechanisms for ACTH-stimulated cortisol production.
Journal Reference Authors Bandulik S, Tauber P, Lalli E, Barhanin J, Warth R
Title Two-pore domain potassium channels in the adrenal cortex.
Journal Reference Authors Liu H, Enyeart JA, Enyeart JJ
Title Angiotensin II inhibits native bTREK-1 K+ channels through a PLC-, kinase C-, and PIP2-independent pathway requiring ATP hydrolysis.
Journal Reference Authors Enyeart JJ, Danthi SJ, Liu H, Enyeart JA
Title Angiotensin II inhibits bTREK-1 K+ channels in adrenocortical cells by separate Ca2+- and ATP hydrolysis-dependent mechanisms.
Journal Reference Authors Shen WJ, Azhar S, Kraemer FB
Title ACTH Regulation of Adrenal SR-B1.
Journal Reference Authors Ruggiero C, Lalli E
Title Impact of ACTH Signaling on Transcriptional Regulation of Steroidogenic Genes.
Journal Reference Authors Margioris AN, Tsatsanis C
Title ACTH Action on the Adrenals
Journal Endotext (2000)
Reference Authors Spiga F, Lightman SL
Title Dynamics of adrenal glucocorticoid steroidogenesis in health and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Tsai LC, Beavo JA
Title The roles of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in steroidogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Odermatt A, Strajhar P, Engeli RT
Title Disruption of steroidogenesis: Cell models for mechanistic investigations and as screening tools.
Journal Reference Authors Manna PR, Stetson CL, Slominski AT, Pruitt K
Title Role of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in health and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Jackson DS, Ramachandrappa S, Clark AJ, Chan LF
Title Melanocortin receptor accessory proteins in adrenal disease and obesity.
Journal Reference Authors Cerda-Reverter JM, Agulleiro MJ, Cortes R, Sanchez E, Guillot R, Leal E, Fernandez-Duran B, Puchol S, Eley M
Title Involvement of melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs) in the function of melanocortin receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Enyeart JJ, Enyeart JA
Title Ca2+ and K+ channels of normal human adrenal zona fasciculata cells: properties and modulation by ACTH and AngII.
Journal Reference Authors Midzak A, Papadopoulos V
Title Adrenal Mitochondria and Steroidogenesis: From Individual Proteins to Functional Protein Assemblies.
Journal Reference Authors Calebiro D, Di Dalmazi G, Bathon K, Ronchi CL, Beuschlein F
Title cAMP signaling in cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma.
Journal Reference Authors Turcu AF, Auchus RJ
Title Adrenal steroidogenesis and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Journal Related elk04960 Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
