Entry Name Cortisol synthesis and secretion
Description Cortisol is the main endogenous glucocorticoid, which affects a plethora of physiological functions, e.g., lipid and glucose metabolism, metabolic homeostasis and adaptation to stress. Cortisol production is primarily regulated by corticotropin (ACTH) in zona fasciculata. The stimulatory effect of ACTH on cortisol synthesis depends on cAMP dependent signaling, but also involves membrane depolarization and increased cytosolic Ca2+. Each of cAMP and Ca2+ induces the expression of StAR, stimulating intramitochondrial cholesterol transfer, as well as the steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to cortisol (e.g., CHE, CYP17A1, CYP11B1).
Class Organismal Systems; Endocrine systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map ko04927 Cortisol synthesis and secretion
Ortholog table Other DBs Orthology K04200 melanocortin 2 receptor
K22398 melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein
K04632 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha
K18437 high affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8 [EC:3.1.4.53 ]
K08562 nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1
K04465 nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1
K04684 transcription factor Sp1
K09355 pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1
K05870 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1
K04450 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2
K04374 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4
K09048 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3
K09047 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5
K09049 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta
K16931 steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial
K14349 neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 [EC:3.1.1.-]
K04166 angiotensin II receptor type 1
K04634 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
K04635 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11
K04958 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1
K04959 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 2
K04960 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 3
K04913 potassium channel subfamily K member 2
K04854 voltage-dependent calcium channel T type alpha-1G
K04855 voltage-dependent calcium channel T type alpha-1H
K04856 voltage-dependent calcium channel T type alpha-1I
K04850 voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1C
K04851 voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1D
K04853 voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1F
K04857 voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1S
K16056 calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1
K04877 potassium voltage-gated channel Shaker-related subfamily A member 4
K04914 potassium channel subfamily K member 3
K12473 low-density lipoprotein receptor
K13885 scavenger receptor class B, member 1
Compound C01176 17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05138 17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone
Reference Authors Gallo-Payet N, Battista MC
Title Steroidogenesis-adrenal cell signal transduction.
Journal Reference Authors Enyeart JJ
Title Biochemical and Ionic signaling mechanisms for ACTH-stimulated cortisol production.
Journal Reference Authors Bandulik S, Tauber P, Lalli E, Barhanin J, Warth R
Title Two-pore domain potassium channels in the adrenal cortex.
Journal Reference Authors Liu H, Enyeart JA, Enyeart JJ
Title Angiotensin II inhibits native bTREK-1 K+ channels through a PLC-, kinase C-, and PIP2-independent pathway requiring ATP hydrolysis.
Journal Reference Authors Enyeart JJ, Danthi SJ, Liu H, Enyeart JA
Title Angiotensin II inhibits bTREK-1 K+ channels in adrenocortical cells by separate Ca2+- and ATP hydrolysis-dependent mechanisms.
Journal Reference Authors Shen WJ, Azhar S, Kraemer FB
Title ACTH Regulation of Adrenal SR-B1.
Journal Reference Authors Ruggiero C, Lalli E
Title Impact of ACTH Signaling on Transcriptional Regulation of Steroidogenic Genes.
Journal Reference Authors Margioris AN, Tsatsanis C
Title ACTH Action on the Adrenals
Journal Endotext (2000)
Reference Authors Spiga F, Lightman SL
Title Dynamics of adrenal glucocorticoid steroidogenesis in health and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Tsai LC, Beavo JA
Title The roles of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in steroidogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Odermatt A, Strajhar P, Engeli RT
Title Disruption of steroidogenesis: Cell models for mechanistic investigations and as screening tools.
Journal Reference Authors Manna PR, Stetson CL, Slominski AT, Pruitt K
Title Role of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in health and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Jackson DS, Ramachandrappa S, Clark AJ, Chan LF
Title Melanocortin receptor accessory proteins in adrenal disease and obesity.
Journal Reference Authors Cerda-Reverter JM, Agulleiro MJ, Cortes R, Sanchez E, Guillot R, Leal E, Fernandez-Duran B, Puchol S, Eley M
Title Involvement of melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs) in the function of melanocortin receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Enyeart JJ, Enyeart JA
Title Ca2+ and K+ channels of normal human adrenal zona fasciculata cells: properties and modulation by ACTH and AngII.
Journal Reference Authors Midzak A, Papadopoulos V
Title Adrenal Mitochondria and Steroidogenesis: From Individual Proteins to Functional Protein Assemblies.
Journal Reference Authors Calebiro D, Di Dalmazi G, Bathon K, Ronchi CL, Beuschlein F
Title cAMP signaling in cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma.
Journal Reference Authors Turcu AF, Auchus RJ
Title Adrenal steroidogenesis and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Journal Related ko00140 Steroid hormone biosynthesis
ko04960 Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
LinkDB All DBs
