KEGG   PATHWAY: ko04360
Entry
ko04360                     Pathway                                
Name
Axon guidance
Description
Axon guidance represents a key stage in the formation of neuronal network. Axons are guided by a variety of guidance factors, such as netrins, ephrins, Slits, and semaphorins. These guidance cues are read by growth cone receptors, and signal transduction pathways downstream of these receptors converge onto the Rho GTPases to elicit changes in cytoskeletal organization that determine which way the growth cone will turn.
Class
Organismal Systems; Development and regeneration
Pathway map
ko04360  Axon guidance
ko04360

Other DBs
GO: 0007411
Orthology
K00408  WNT4; wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4
K00444  WNT5; wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5
K00922  PIK3CA_B_D; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha/beta/delta [EC:2.7.1.153]
K01116  PLCG1; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, gamma-1 [EC:3.1.4.11]
K02090  CDK5; cyclin-dependent kinase 5 [EC:2.7.11.22]
K02329  FZD3; frizzled 3
K02649  PIK3R1_2_3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha/beta/delta
K02677  PRKCA; classical protein kinase C alpha type [EC:2.7.11.13]
K02833  HRAS; GTPase HRas
K03083  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta [EC:2.7.11.26]
K04189  CXCR4, CD184; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
K04237  PARD3; partitioning defective protein 3
K04348  PPP3C, CNA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit [EC:3.1.3.16]
K04352  RASA1, RASGAP; Ras GTPase-activating protein 1
K04366  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [EC:2.7.11.1]
K04371  ERK, MAPK1_3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3 [EC:2.7.11.24]
K04392  RAC1; Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
K04393  CDC42; cell division control protein 42
K04409  PAK1; p21-activated kinase 1 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K04410  PAK2; p21-activated kinase 2 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K04513  RHOA; Ras homolog gene family, member A
K04514  ROCK1; Rho-associated protein kinase 1 [EC:2.7.11.39]
K04515  CAMK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II [EC:2.7.11.17]
K04630  GNAI; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha
K04671  BMPR2; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 [EC:2.7.11.30]
K04964  TRPC1; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1
K04966  TRPC3; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3
K04967  TRPC4; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 4
K04968  TRPC5; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 5
K04969  TRPC6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6
K05099  MET, HGFR; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Met [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05102  EPHA1, EPH; Eph receptor A1 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05103  EPHA2, ECK; Eph receptor A2 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05104  EPHA3, HEK, TYRO4; Eph receptor A3 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05105  EPHA4, SEK, TYRO1; Eph receptor A4 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05106  EPHA5, EHK1, TYRO4; Eph receptor A5 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05107  EPHA6, EHK2; Eph receptor A6 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05108  EPHA7, EHK3, HEK11; EphA7 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05109  EPHA8, EEK; Eph receptor A8 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05110  EPHB1, ELK, NET; Eph receptor B1 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05111  EPHB2, ERK, DRT; Eph receptor B2 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05112  EPHB3, HEK2, ETK2; Eph receptor B3 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05113  EPHB4, HTK; Eph receptor B4 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05114  EPHB6; Eph receptor B6 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05128  RYK; RYK receptor-like tyrosine kinase [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05462  EFNA; ephrin-A
K05463  EFNB; ephrin-B
K05703  FYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn [EC:2.7.10.2]
K05704  SRC; tyrosine-protein kinase Src [EC:2.7.10.2]
K05719  ITGB1, CD29; integrin beta 1
K05725  PTK2, FAK; focal adhesion kinase 1 [EC:2.7.10.2]
K05733  PAK3, MRX30; p21-activated kinase 3 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K05734  PAK4; p21-activated kinase 4 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K05735  PAK6; p21-activated kinase 6 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K05736  PAK5, PAK7; p21-activated kinase 5 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K05743  LIMK1; LIM domain kinase 1 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K05744  LIMK2; LIM domain kinase 2 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K05746  ENAH, MENA; enabled
K05765  CFL; cofilin
K05766  SSH; protein phosphatase slingshot [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
K05859  PLCG2; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, gamma-2 [EC:3.1.4.11]
K06093  PARD6; partitioning defective protein 6
K06225  PTCH1; patched 1
K06226  SMO; smoothened
K06268  PPP3R, CNB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B regulatory subunit
K06272  ILK; integrin-linked kinase [EC:2.7.11.1]
K06276  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K06521  SEMA4, CD100; semaphorin 4
K06529  SEMA7, CD108; semaphorin 7
K06550  L1CAM, CD171; L1 cell adhesion molecule
K06572  PLXNC, CD232; plexin C
K06619  ABL1; abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 1 [EC:2.7.10.2]
K06724  NRP1, CD304; neuropilin 1
K06753  ROBO1; roundabout, axon guidance receptor 1
K06754  ROBO2; roundabout, axon guidance receptor 2
K06755  ROBO3; roundabout, axon guidance receptor 3
K06765  DCC; deleted in colorectal carcinoma
K06766  NEO1; neogenin
K06820  PLXNA; plexin A
K06821  PLXNB; plexin B
K06838  SLIT1; slit 1
K06839  SLIT2; slit 2
K06840  SEMA3; semaphorin 3
K06841  SEMA5; semaphorin 5
K06842  SEMA6; semaphorin 6
K06843  NTN1; netrin 1
K06844  NTN3; netrin 3
K06845  NTN4; netrin 4
K06850  SLIT3; slit 3
K07293  PTPN11, SHP2; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 [EC:3.1.3.48]
K07365  NCK1; NCK adaptor protein 1
K07520  ABLIM; actin-binding LIM protein
K07521  UNC5; netrin receptor unc-5
K07522  NTNG1; netrin-G1
K07523  LRRC4C, NGL1; netrin-G1 ligand
K07524  RGS3; regulator of G-protein signalling 3
K07525  NGEF, EPHEXIN, ARHGEF27; neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor
K07526  SRGAP; SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein
K07527  FES, FPS; tyrosine-protein kinase Fes/Fps [EC:2.7.10.2]
K07528  DPYSL2, CRMP2; dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2
K07529  DPYSL5, CRAM; dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 5
K07530  RHOD; Ras homolog gene family, member D
K07531  RND1; Rho family GTPase 1
K07532  ARHGEF12, LARG; Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12
K07827  KRAS, KRAS2; GTPase KRas
K07828  NRAS; GTPase NRas
K07829  RRAS; Ras-related protein R-Ras
K07860  RAC2; Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2
K07861  RAC3; Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3
K10031  CXCL12; C-X-C motif chemokine 12
K11988  SHH; sonic hedgehog
K12753  MYL5; myosin regulatory light chain 5
K12755  MYL9; myosin regulatory light chain 9
K12757  MYL12; myosin regulatory light chain 12
K13578  BMPR1B, ALK6, CDw293; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B [EC:2.7.11.30]
K16351  LRRC4, NGL2; netrin-G2 ligand
K16359  NTNG2; netrin-G2
K16621  BMP7; bone morphogenetic protein 7
K17332  NFATC2, NFAT1, NFATP; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2
K17333  NFATC3, NFAT4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3
K17334  NFATC4, NFAT3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4
K17388  ROCK2; Rho-associated protein kinase 2 [EC:2.7.11.39]
K18952  PRKCZ; atypical protein kinase C zeta type [EC:2.7.11.13]
K19862  NCK2, GRB4; NCK adaptor protein 2
K20013  GDF7; growth differentiation factor 7
K20020  BOC; brother of CDO
K23096  RGMA; repulsive guidance molecule A
K24609  LRIG2; leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 2
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
Reference
PMID:14682358
  Authors
Guan KL, Rao Y.
  Title
Signalling mechanisms mediating neuronal responses to guidance cues.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 4:941-56 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1254
Reference
PMID:15630019
  Authors
Govek EE, Newey SE, Van Aelst L.
  Title
The role of the Rho GTPases in neuronal development.
  Journal
Genes Dev 19:1-49 (2005)
DOI:10.1101/gad.1256405
Reference
PMID:12677003
  Authors
Huber AB, Kolodkin AL, Ginty DD, Cloutier JF.
  Title
Signaling at the growth cone: ligand-receptor complexes and the control of axon growth and guidance.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 26:509-63 (2003)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.010302.081139
Reference
PMID:15818466
  Authors
Negishi M, Oinuma I, Katoh H.
  Title
Plexins: axon guidance and signal transduction.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 62:1363-71 (2005)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-005-5018-2
Reference
PMID:15363605
  Authors
Huot J.
  Title
Ephrin signaling in axon guidance.
  Journal
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 28:813-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.05.025
Reference
PMID:11891122
  Authors
Patel BN, Van Vactor DL.
  Title
Axon guidance: the cytoplasmic tail.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 14:221-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0955-0674(02)00308-3
Reference
PMID:11687826
  Authors
Yu TW, Bargmann CI.
  Title
Dynamic regulation of axon guidance.
  Journal
Nat Neurosci 4 Suppl:1169-76 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/nn748
Reference
PMID:12471249
  Authors
Dickson BJ.
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of axon guidance.
  Journal
Science 298:1959-64 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1072165
Reference
PMID:15960985
  Authors
Barallobre MJ, Pascual M, Del Rio JA, Soriano E.
  Title
The Netrin family of guidance factors: emphasis on Netrin-1 signalling.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 49:22-47 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.11.003
Reference
PMID:15084255
  Authors
Sabatier C, Plump AS, Le Ma, Brose K, Tamada A, Murakami F, Lee EY, Tessier-Lavigne M.
  Title
The divergent Robo family protein rig-1/Robo3 is a negative regulator of slit responsiveness required for midline crossing by commissural axons.
  Journal
Cell 117:157-69 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00303-4
Reference
PMID:25374504
  Authors
Fujita Y, Yamashita T
  Title
Axon growth inhibition by RhoA/ROCK in the central nervous system.
  Journal
Front Neurosci 8:338 (2014)
DOI:10.3389/fnins.2014.00338
Reference
PMID:17169551
  Authors
Yamashita T, Mueller BK, Hata K
  Title
Neogenin and repulsive guidance molecule signaling in the central nervous system.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 17:29-34 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2006.12.001
Reference
PMID:26651291
  Authors
van Erp S, van den Heuvel DMA, Fujita Y, Robinson RA, Hellemons AJCGM, Adolfs Y, Van Battum EY, Blokhuis AM, Kuijpers M, Demmers JAA, Hedman H, Hoogenraad CC, Siebold C, Yamashita T, Pasterkamp RJ
  Title
Lrig2 Negatively Regulates Ectodomain Shedding of Axon Guidance Receptors by ADAM Proteases.
  Journal
Dev Cell 35:537-552 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.008
Related
pathway
ko04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ko04060  Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
ko04310  Wnt signaling pathway
ko04810  Regulation of actin cytoskeleton

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