KEGG   PATHWAY: ko05012
Entry
ko05012                     Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
ko05012  Parkinson disease
ko05012

Disease
H00057  Parkinson disease
Orthology
K00234  SDHA, SDH1; succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein subunit [EC:1.3.5.1]
K00235  SDHB, SDH2; succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur subunit [EC:1.3.5.1]
K00236  SDHC, SDH3; succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) cytochrome b560 subunit
K00237  SDHD, SDH4; succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) membrane anchor subunit
K00274  MAO, aofH; monoamine oxidase [EC:1.4.3.4]
K00411  UQCRFS1, RIP1, petA; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase iron-sulfur subunit [EC:7.1.1.8]
K00412  CYTB, petB; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase cytochrome b subunit
K00413  CYC1, CYT1, petC; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase cytochrome c1 subunit
K00414  QCR1, UQCRC1; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core subunit 1
K00415  QCR2, UQCRC2; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core subunit 2
K00416  QCR6, UQCRH; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 6
K00417  QCR7, UQCRB; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 7
K00418  QCR8, UQCRQ; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 8
K00419  QCR9, UCRC; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 9
K00420  QCR10, UQCR; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 10
K00501  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [EC:1.14.16.2]
K01116  PLCG1; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, gamma-1 [EC:3.1.4.11]
K02084  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor
K02125  ATPeF08, MTATP8, ATP8; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit 8
K02126  ATPeF0A, MTATP6, ATP6; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit a
K02127  ATPeF0B, ATP5F1, ATP4; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit b
K02128  ATPeF0C, ATP5G, ATP9; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit c
K02131  ATPeF0F6, ATP5J; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit 6
K02132  ATPeF1A, ATP5A1, ATP1; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit alpha
K02133  ATPeF1B, ATP5B, ATP2; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit beta [EC:7.1.2.2]
K02134  ATPeF1D, ATP5D, ATP16; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit delta
K02135  ATPeF1E, ATP5E, ATP15; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit epsilon
K02136  ATPeF1G, ATP5C1, ATP3; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
K02137  ATPeF0O, ATP5O, ATP5; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit O
K02138  ATPeF0D, ATP5H, ATP7; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit d
K02159  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX
K02183  CALM; calmodulin
K02187  CASP3; caspase 3 [EC:3.4.22.56]
K02256  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 [EC:7.1.1.9]
K02261  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
K02262  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3
K02263  COX4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4
K02264  COX5A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a
K02265  COX5B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5b
K02266  COX6A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6a
K02267  COX6B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6b
K02268  COX6C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6c
K02270  COX7A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7a
K02271  COX7B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7b
K02272  COX7C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7c
K02273  COX8; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8
K02308  DAXX; death-associated protein 6
K02725  PSMA1; 20S proteasome subunit alpha 6 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02726  PSMA2; 20S proteasome subunit alpha 2 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02727  PSMA3; 20S proteasome subunit alpha 7 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02728  PSMA4; 20S proteasome subunit alpha 3 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02729  PSMA5; 20S proteasome subunit alpha 5 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02730  PSMA6; 20S proteasome subunit alpha 1 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02731  PSMA7; 20S proteasome subunit alpha 4 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02732  PSMB1; 20S proteasome subunit beta 6 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02734  PSMB2; 20S proteasome subunit beta 4 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02735  PSMB3; 20S proteasome subunit beta 3 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02736  PSMB4; 20S proteasome subunit beta 7 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02737  PSMB5; 20S proteasome subunit beta 5 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02738  PSMB6; 20S proteasome subunit beta 1 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02739  PSMB7; 20S proteasome subunit beta 2 [EC:3.4.25.1]
K02927  RP-L40e, RPL40, UBA52; ubiquitin-large subunit ribosomal protein L40e
K02977  RP-S27Ae, RPS27A, UBA80; ubiquitin-small subunit ribosomal protein S27Ae
K03028  PSMD2, RPN1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N1
K03029  PSMD4, RPN10; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N10
K03030  PSMD14, RPN11, POH1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N11
K03031  PSMD8, RPN12; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N12
K03032  PSMD1, RPN2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N2
K03033  PSMD3, RPN3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N3
K03035  PSMD12, RPN5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N5
K03036  PSMD11, RPN6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N6
K03037  PSMD6, RPN7; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N7
K03038  PSMD7, RPN8; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N8
K03039  PSMD13, RPN9; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N9
K03061  PSMC2, RPT1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit T1
K03062  PSMC1, RPT2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit T2
K03063  PSMC4, RPT3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit T3
K03064  PSMC6, RPT4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit T4
K03065  PSMC3, RPT5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit T5
K03066  PSMC5, RPT6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit T6
K03178  UBE1, UBA1; ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 [EC:6.2.1.45]
K03237  EIF2S1; translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1
K03671  TXN, trxA; thioredoxin
K03878  ND1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03879  ND2; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03880  ND3; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03881  ND4; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03882  ND4L; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4L [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03883  ND5; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03884  ND6; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03934  NDUFS1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03935  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 2 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03936  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 3 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03937  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 4
K03938  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5
K03939  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 6
K03940  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 7 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03941  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 8 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03942  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03943  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03944  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 3
K03945  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1
K03946  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2
K03947  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3
K03948  NDUFA4; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4
K03949  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5
K03950  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6
K03951  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7
K03952  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8
K03953  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9
K03954  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10
K03955  NDUFAB1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha/beta subcomplex 1, acyl-carrier protein
K03956  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11
K03957  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1
K03958  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2
K03959  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3
K03960  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4
K03961  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5
K03962  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6
K03963  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7
K03964  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8
K03965  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9
K03966  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10
K03967  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 subunit C1
K03968  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 subunit C2
K04144  DRD1; dopamine receptor D1
K04145  DRD2; dopamine receptor D2
K04243  GPR37; prosaposin receptor
K04266  ADORA2A, ADOR; adenosine receptor A2a
K04345  PKA; protein kinase A [EC:2.7.11.11]
K04374  ATF4, CREB2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4
K04380  MAPT, TAU; microtubule-associated protein tau
K04399  CASP9; caspase 9 [EC:3.4.22.62]
K04426  MAP3K5, ASK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [EC:2.7.11.25]
K04440  JNK; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8/9/10 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) [EC:2.7.11.24]
K04451  TP53, P53; tumor protein p53
K04452  DDIT3, GADD153; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3
K04515  CAMK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II [EC:2.7.11.17]
K04528  SNCA; alpha-synuclein
K04551  UBB; ubiquitin B
K04552  UBE2L3, UBCH7; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [EC:2.3.2.23]
K04553  UBE2L6, UBCH8; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 [EC:2.3.2.23]
K04554  UBE2J2, NCUBE2, UBC6; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [EC:2.3.2.23]
K04555  UBE2G2, UBC7; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 [EC:2.3.2.23]
K04556  PARK2; parkin [EC:2.3.2.31]
K04557  SEPT5, PNUTL1, CDCREL1; septin 5
K04558  SNCAIP; synphilin-1
K04565  SOD1; superoxide dismutase, Cu-Zn family [EC:1.15.1.1]
K04570  BCL2L1, bcl-xL; Bcl-2-like 1 (apoptosis regulator Bcl-X)
K04630  GNAI; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha
K04632  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha
K04633  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha
K04958  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1
K04959  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 2
K04960  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 3
K04963  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3
K05036  SLC6A3, DAT; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine) member 3
K05611  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 [EC:3.4.19.12]
K05638  NFE2L2, NRF2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
K05687  PARK7; protein DJ-1 [EC:3.5.1.124]
K05688  PINK1; PTEN induced putative kinase 1 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K05862  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion channel protein 1
K05863  SLC25A4S, ANT; solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator), member 4/5/6/31
K06030  MFN2, FZO1; mitofusin 2 [EC:3.6.5.-]
K06691  RPN13; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N13
K06693  PSMD9, RPN4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N4
K07374  TUBA; tubulin alpha
K07375  TUBB; tubulin beta
K08045  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08155  SLC18A1_2, VMAT; MFS transporter, DHA1 family, solute carrier family 18 (vesicular amine transporter), member 1/2
K08669  HTRA2, PRSS25; HtrA serine peptidase 2 [EC:3.4.21.108]
K08738  CYC; cytochrome c
K08770  UBC; ubiquitin C
K08844  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K08852  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
K08860  EIF2AK3, PERK; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K09027  XBP1; X box-binding protein 1
K09054  ATF6A; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha
K09488  TRAP1, HSP75; TNF receptor-associated protein 1
K09490  HSPA5, BIP; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [EC:3.6.4.10]
K09565  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl isomerase F (cyclophilin D) [EC:5.2.1.8]
K10396  KIF5; kinesin family member 5 (plus-end-directed kinesin ATPase) [EC:5.6.1.3]
K10407  KLC; kinesin light chain
K10456  KLHL19, KEAP1, INRF2; kelch-like protein 19
K10575  UBE2G1, UBC7; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [EC:2.3.2.23]
K10578  UBE2J1, NCUBE1, UBC6; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [EC:2.3.2.23]
K10698  UBE1L, UBA7; ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1-like [EC:6.2.1.45]
K10881  SHFM1, DSS1, RPN15; 26 proteasome complex subunit DSS1
K11351  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11
K11352  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12
K11353  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13
K14709  SLC39A1_2_3, ZIP1_2_3; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 1/2/3
K14710  SLC39A4, ZIP4; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 4
K14711  SLC39A5, ZIP5; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 5
K14712  SLC39A6, LIV1, ZIP6; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 6
K14713  SLC39A7, KE4, ZIP7; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 7
K14714  SLC39A8, ZIP8; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 8
K14715  SLC39A9, ZIP9; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 9
K14716  SLC39A10, ZIP10; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 10
K14717  SLC39A11, ZIP11; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 11
K14718  SLC39A12, ZIP12; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 12
K14719  SLC39A13, ZIP13; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 13
K14720  SLC39A14, ZIP14; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 14
K15040  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion channel protein 2
K15041  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion channel protein 3
K20858  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial
K21278  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
K21356  MFN1; mitofusin 1 [EC:3.6.5.-]
K21398  SLC11A2, DMT1, NRAMP2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
  Authors
Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
  Authors
Olanow CW, McNaught KS
  Title
Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/mds.21013
Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
  Title
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-8-S1-S13
Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
  Journal
Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z
Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
  Title
Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00337-4
Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nm.2165
Reference
PMID:24781149
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-014-1866-0
Reference
PMID:19230774
  Authors
Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
  Authors
Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
DOI:10.1242/dmm.028738
Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.044
Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
  Authors
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1613764
Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
PMID:15189334
  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
  Journal
J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02423.x
Reference
PMID:26487845
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Related
pathway
ko00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
ko00350  Tyrosine metabolism
ko03050  Proteasome
ko04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ko04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
ko04137  Mitophagy - animal
ko04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ko04210  Apoptosis
ko04728  Dopaminergic synapse

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